August, 1912 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV 
ALASKAN REINDEER HERDS 
HE report of the United States Bureau 
of Education records data received 
from the Alaskan reindeer stations for the 
fiscal year ending June, 1911, showing a 
total of 33,629 reindeer, distributed among 
46 herds. Of the 33,629 reindeer, 20,071, 
or 60 per cent., are owned by 460 natives; 
3,901, or 11 per cent., are owned by the 
United States; 4,663, or 14 per cent., are 
owned by missions, and 4,944, or 15 per 
cent., are owned by Lapps. 
The income to the natives of Alaska from 
the reindeer industry during the fiscal year 
ended June 30, 1911, including salaries 
earned by service in connection with the 
herds, the proceeds from the sale of meat 
and skins, and the amount received by them 
from trapping and other sources, in con- 
nection with their duties with the herds, is 
estimated to have been $42,216.10. 
In the course of the year six new herds 
were established by dividing some of the 
larger herds. Two parties of herders re- 
moved their reindeer from the herd on the 
Nuluk River, near Wales, and established 
new centers of the reindeer industry on the 
Mint River and on the Serpentine River. 
Other parties of herders removed their 
reindeer from the herd at Shishmaref, and 
moved to the Buckland River and to Good 
Hope. Herders also removed their deer 
from the herd at Sinuk to Cape Douglas, 
and from Quinhagak to Togiak. Two of 
the herds were discontinued, the Nulato 
herd being moved to Golsovia, and the 
former Shishmaref herd No. 3 to the Buck- 
land River and Good Hope, as stated above. 
The most notable extension of the rein- 
deer enterprise was the delivery to the De- 
partment of Commerce and Labor of rein- 
deer for use in stocking St. Paul and St. 
George Islands, in Behring Sea. During 
August, 1911, the U. S. S. Bear received 40 
reindeer from the herd at Unalakleet, 25 of 
which were landed on St. Paul Island, and 
15 on St. George Island. 
During 1909, arrangements were made 
with the Department of Agriculture per- 
mitting the exportation of reindeer meat, 
hides, and horns, under proper certification 
by the representatives of the Bureau of 
Education. It was not deemed wise, how- 
ever, to encourage such exportation until 
the herds had increased sufficiently to sup- 
ply adequately the local needs of natives 
and white men. Information having been 
received that the herds now furnish an 
ample source of supply of fresh meat to 
the native villages and towns in their vicin- 
ity, it was decided that the exportation 
could begin. 
In October, 1911, the first shipment of 
reindeer meat left Nome for Seattle. It 
consisted of about 125 carcasses, purchased 
by a cold-storage company from Eskimo 
herders. This shipment of approximately 
18,750 pounds found a ready sale in Seattle 
at prices ranging from 25 to 75 cents per 
pound, according to the cut. 
It is estimated that there are in northern 
and western Alaska approximately 400,000 
square miles of treeless regions, which are 
worthless for agricultural purposes, but 
which could furnish pasturage for 10,000,- 
000 reindeer. It is possible that, with the 
present rate of increase, there may be in 
Alaska in less than 25 years some 2,000,000 
reindeer, and that the United States may 
draw a considerable part of its meat supply 
from the reindeer herds in Alaska. 
Influenced by the success of the reindeer 
enterprise in Alaska, in January, 1908, Dr. 
Wilfred Grenfell imported 300 reindeer 
from Lapland into Labrador. These had 
increased to about 1,200 in 1911. They are 
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