October, 1912 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS y 
COLOR OF YOLKS OF EGGS 
VERY one has noticed how the colora- 
tion of the yolks varies from one egg 
to another, shading from very pale yellow 
to reddish orange, says a writer in the 
Revue Scientifique, translated for the 
Literary Digest. The literature treating of 
hen’s eggs is very large, yet few writers 
have been attracted by this question of col- 
oration. Noticing, several years ago, that 
the observed differences of color are with- 
out any effect on the intrinsic qualities of 
the yolk, which remains equally nutritive 
and equally valuable in reproduction, 
Morris attributed the initial cause of the 
color to the nature of the food. 
Starting with the fact that it is paler in 
Winter and with hens living in unscientific 
quarters, he inferred from this that the 
more intense coloration of the yolks of 
ges laid by hens living at liberty was due 
to the coloring-matter of the green plants, 
and of the insects that these fowls eat in 
large quantities. After complex chemical 
transformations these pigments from the 
foodstuffs reach the ovary, whose fatty 
cells fix it, owing to a special affinity... . 
Consequently hens should be placed in bet- 
ter conditions of life, by giving them spaci- 
ous grassy runways, and during the Winter 
supplying them, in the absence of fresh 
food, with grain, salad, cabbage, beets and 
carrots, crushed or finely chopped. Apro- 
pos of this question of coloration L’Ac- 
climatation tells us that, after repeated com- 
plaints from their customers, certain asso- 
ciations of English breeders have drawn the 
attention of producers to the desirability of 
obtaining yolks of a higher color, and hence 
more nutritive, by placing the hens in proper 
conditions of hygiene and nutrition, and by 
giving them water having iron in solution, 
twice a week. This thesis, which is very 
different, as may be seen, from that of Mr. 
Morris, attributes to the coloration of the 
yolks an influence on their nutritive power, 
and recognizes as its cause their content in 
iron. Neither of these two opinions is 
based on precise experiments, but both 
lead, fortunately, to the same practical 
measures. Giving healthful and abundant 
food to hens, and placing them in sanitary 
surroundings, will assure them the strength 
nec ssary to good layers. 
AUTOMOBILE EXPORTS 
HE automobile industry in the United 
States has grown to such proportions, 
says the New York Times, that the exports 
of automobiles to foreign countries have, 
during the fiscal year ended June 3, reached 
the total of at least $27,000,000. Ten years 
ago the exports of automobiles and parts 
did not amount to $1, 000,000. The auto- 
mobile industry is growing more rapidly in 
the United States than in any other country. 
France still leads the world in the value 
of exports, but is rapidly falling back, and 
last year shipped abroad automobiles to the 
value of $4,000,000 in excess of our foreign 
shipments this year. Our exports of auto- 
mobiles are now greater than those of any 
other country except France. During the 
last three years the value of automobiles 
exported has increased 300 per cent. Ap- 
proximately 25 per cent. of our automobiles 
shipped abroad go to Canada, and about 40 
per cent. to Europe, chiefly to Great Britain; 
29 per cent. to Australia, and 8 per cent. to 
South America, the remainder being widely 
scattered. The remarkable decrease in price 
is not entirely due to the effort of the man- 
ufacturer to reduce the cost of the machine, 
but in a large measure to the exportation 
of second-hand machines. 
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