December, 1912 
“TN planting flowers for 
bees, it is better to have 
considerable numbers of 
their favorites, and to em- 
ploy such as are in bloom in 
seasons other than those at 
which they can _ procure 
honey from other sources, 
such as in the time of the 
Lime or the Heather. But 
a breadth of their favorite 
plants near the hive will be 
useful in weather which is 
not settled enough to suit 
the bees reaching their gath- 
ering grounds and returning 
in safety.” 
= MONG the most use- 
ful bee plants in some 
districts is the annual Lim- 
nanthes Douglasi, which is easily raised from seeds sown in 
Spring or in Autumn. Mignonette is also a favorite with 
the bees, although it does not do well in every garden. A 
general favorite is the Borage, Borage officinalis, likewise 
raised from seeds annually. The Cornflower is valuable 
for bees, and is useful for cutting, the blue variety being 
the most generally appreciated for this purpose. Sweet 
Scabious, Scabiosa atro-purpurea, treated as a hardy or 
half-hardy annual, is excellent, both for bees and as cut 
flowers for the home. Alyssum maritimum, the Sweet 
Alyssum (also known as Keniga maritima), is a plant of 
which the insects are fond, and it may be sown in Spring 
or Autumn. The Phacelia is very good for bees; and Cer- 
inthe Major, Whitlavia grandiflora, and Candytuft, are 
all excellent annuals. So are Stocks, Sweet Peas, Clarkias, 
annual Lupins, dmbrosia mexicana, the Tropeolums (such 
as the common Nasturtiums, and T. Lobbianum), together 
with Phlox Drummondi, and Collomia coccinea. Wall- 
flowers ought not to be overlooked; and the perennial Ara- 
bises, d/bida and Alpina, are indispensable for the bees in 
the early season. They frequent the Aubrietia to some ex- 
tent, but not so much as the Arabis. Crocuses, Scillas and 
Snowdrops are among the useful bulbous plants, so that an 
ample choice is available, in addition to the many other 
plants not much grown in quantity which the bees find out 
for themselves, and which supply them with their require- 
ments, while at the same time giving pleasure to the lover 
of the garden.”’ 
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ANTIQUE SHIP MODELS 
(Continued from page 422) 
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perhaps, is the Viking ship of the tenth century which is 
shown on page 421. This model, as far as possible, com- 
bines accuracy of detail with beauty of effect, and has been 
studied from the wonderfully preserved Viking ship dug up 
at Gokstad, Norway, in 1880. The decoration is in vivid 
colors, both hull and sail being decorated with alternate red 
and white stripes, while the shields which line the sides are 
black and yellow, many of them being embellished with rude 
heraldic devices. [he carving on the sides and upon the 
rudder or steering oar is authentic in design, and the green 
serpent displayed upon the sail and repeated upon the flag 
and the gilded weather vane give the ship its name—‘‘Lan- 
geornir —‘‘Long Serpent,” a favorite name for Norse ships 
of that time. 
Several of the other pictures show various forms of gal- 
leons such as were used during the fifteenth century, but in 
building them Mr. Culver has departed somewhat from ac- 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
j A garden: Benen of oad desea 
441 
curacy of detail both in deco- 
ration and design to obtain 
the increased beauty of effect 
which is the result of slightly 
exaggerating certain propor- 
tions. These models have 
been built to hang some eight 
or ten feet from the floor, 
and by enlarging the size of 
Jomn—- ate 9 f sails, rigging and all the 
—_ * # parts which one would natur- 
ally notice in seeing a ship at 
a distance, the appearance is 
that of a vessel under full 
sail. Other departures from 
accuracy are in arrangement 
of sails and rigging, all devi- 
ations being made in favor 
of heightened beauty of ef- 
fect. The hulls of these 
medieval galleons are painted in stripes, the coloring being 
greatly dulled or toned down to simulate the effect of age 
and exposure; the coloring and gilding are also somewhat 
“aged,” and sails and rigging are judiciously “antique.” 
~The photograph reproduced upon page 422 shows a 
model unrigged, this being patterned after an English ves- 
sel of the seventeenth century without exaggerating any of 
the coloring or rigging, the idea being to produce an accur- 
ate as well as an artistic model. The appearance of this 
little ship may perhaps not be as striking as in the instance 
where accuracy has given way to artistic effect, but never- 
theless it is extremely elaborate and dainty and there is a 
spirit of reality and “‘ship-shapeness” about her that appeals 
strongly to anyone who loves the salt sea air. 
A study of these little models teaches much history un- 
awares, for the history of a nation upon land is influenced 
greatly by her sons upon the high seas, and the ships in which 
they sailed in ages past have in many cases influenced the 
times in which we live. 
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HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS 
(Continued from page 434) 
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A good place for home mushroom beds is in greenhouses, 
under the stages on which the plants are arranged. Roses 
above, mushrooms below. Why not? The stages and 
some straw protect them from the sun and light and the 
temperature in the cool to cold months should be about 
right for them. If it is desired to place the mushroom 
beds in vacant rooms of house, barn or shed, the floor may 
be protected from damage by laying on it vulcanite rubber 
roofing paper, continued up the walls for two feet. 
Mushrooms require for growth, moisture, not wetness or 
dryness. In sprinkling use a rose cup to reduce the supply 
of water properly. An insecticide and sprayer device is 
desirable. Once in five days spray the beds to drive away 
flies, to kill insects and to destroy their eggs. Mushroom 
beds in houses or cellars may be heated in Winter sufh- 
ciently by means of oil-stoves in localities where other forms 
of heating are wanting. 
I have simplifed mushroom culture down to the house- 
hold requirements, so as to induce amateurs to grow them 
for home consumption, that vast majority who either buy 
mushrooms or go without, or who raise vegetables with 
much more trouble. From this point it is but a step to 
raising mushrooms for profit or as a means to acquire a 
small fortune. The mushroom house of the near future 
should be made of concrete with heavy walls, to keep down 
the heat of Summer. This is the true solution of the problem, 
