14 Haakon Schetelig. [No. 8 
of our series. We are forced, therefore, to exelude from our special 
research both the Roman brooches of the 4th cent. and the Teutonie 
imitations of them, as they have not directly contributed to the 
development of the eruciform type, and by searching elsewhere for 
the origin of the detail in question — the plate at the top of the 
bow, which is commonly called the ,head-plate* of the brooch — we 
must acknowledge the non-Roman origin of the crueiform brooches. 
The brooches with returned foot appear in the Western and 
Northern parts of the Teutonic district in the form given here 
as fig. 14.1) They are rather large brooches, always with å semi- 
cireular bow, åa very short spring-coil, and å long and narrow foot. 
Fio. je. ME 
They have often åa knob placed at the top of the bow, or two knobs 
fixed upon the axis of the spring-coil; in most cases there are three 
knobs, one at the top of the bow, and two fixed upon the axis. 
The knobs have probably been introduced here by imitation of 
Roman forms, though many other Teutonic brooches of the same 
age are provided with knobs partly showing forms very different 
from the Roman ones. But at least the knobs here in question 
recall the Roman taste. This is, however, a cireumstance of no 
1) Myklebostad, Lødingen pgd. Nordland. 0. 10617. Ab. 1881, p. 143. 
