4 e ri 
—- v NY 
- Se 
å 
20 Haakon Schetelig. [No. 8 
brooches about the same time have come into use over the whole 
district mentioned. They were in use from the latter half of the 
4th cent. through the 5th and part of the 6th cent.; in England 
probably even towards the end of the 6th cent. 
In this space of time, Scandinavia and England have produced 
innumerable variations of the crueiform brooches, and all the time 
many different forms must have been used contemporarily. Ås is 
well known to all students of prehistorie typology, it is impossible 
from the state of typological development of åa brooeh directly to 
conelude at what time it came into the grave together with its 
possessor, nor can we from its form only in all cases make out the 
date of its manufacture. It ought to be remembered as å main 
prineiple of all typological development that only the best executed, 
commonly also the largest and 
most ornamented, specimens 
are an exact expression of the 
style of the day, the cheaper 
and less carefully executed 
specimens at the same time 
very oftenshowing degenerated 
variations of an earlier fashion. 
The following typological series 
is then to be regarded in some 
degree as å generalisation of 
factsin order to explain the main 
features of development. Later 
Rig 20 on I shall try to give an ac- 
count of all the irregular com- 
binations shown by the material from the graves; it will best be 
done in connexion with some remarks about the chronology of the 
different forms. 
& pa AD 
ve pl EN 
SNE NE rn 
re» *5 Id 
2. The early erueiform brooches 
are, as we have seen, in all respects closely connected with their 
prototype (fig. 17—19), but already from their first stage we have 
to note certain changes, brought about partly through influenees 
from other types, partly owing to the tastes of the Northern 
people at that time. As has been mentioned, some Roman brooches, 
