1906] The eruciform brooches of Norway. 25 
the knobs with their inner side get clear of the edge of the plate 
and reach a little above its level, and there are also commonly 
seen some special arrangements to keep them there and to give å 
higher degree of solidity to the whole construction. In some broo- 
ches (figs. 30—32)') the knobs are on their inner side provided 
with projections with a split into which the plate is inserted, an 
arrangement found all over Scandinavia and in England, though it 
has never been very commonly used and has given no important 
contribution to the main development of the 
type. Much oftener the knobs have got å 
little groove into which is inserted the edge of 
the plate, sharpened for this purpose. The 
sharpening of the edves divides the surface 
of the plate into three facets which, at first, 
are not even visible when the knobs are in 
place (fig. 33),”) but they will later on in 
some degree influence the development of 
the type. 
We see thus that the forming of the 
plate is a little more complicated than it 
seemed to dr. HILDEBRAND. We find three 
contemporary varieties: the simple flat plate, 
the plate with å higher middle part and the 
plate with sharpened edges, none of them con- 
siderably earlier than the others, though the 
last mentioned, typologically, has been derived Fie 30 3å 
from the first one. During most of the fol- | 
lowing time they continued to be used contemporarily with each 
other, though not equally much in the different parts of the whole 
district. 
1) Fig. 80: from MEsToRF: Alterthiimer pl. XLIX. fig. 593. — Fig. 31: 
Skogen, Hedrum pgd. Larvik. OC. 19771. Ab. 1900, p. 284 fig. 1. — Fig. 32: 
Jutland, from MöLLer: Ordn. af Danm. Olds. Jernalderen, fig. 548. — The 
explanation of the form seen in figs. 80 and 31 is perhaps found in the circum- 
stance that some Roman brooches have their knobs fixed by a real screw (for 
instance HILDEBRAND I. c. fig. 126) which, when discovered by å barbarian workman, 
may have induced him to imitate the form though, in Roman brooches, the 
scerew is not visible when the knobs are in place. — The corresponding pro- 
jections of some English brooches are most like the specimen from Jutland, 
fig. 32 (compare fig. 125 below). 
?) Holmegaard, Holme pgd. Mandal. OC. 2665. N. NICOLAYSEN: Norske 
Fornlevninger p. 271. 
