30 Haakon Schetelig. [No. 8 
spring-coil and the knobs being then not conveniently combined, 
the knobs got a separate axis of their own, independent of the 
arrangement of the pin. 
I have observed this construction in å great number of Nor- 
wegian brooches which have the axis of the knobs placed either 
just behind the spring-coil or a little above it (figs. 36 and 37).) 
It is found, too, among the best and largest specimens, and it is 
sometimes preserved at å very late stage of development. But as 
the separate axis of 
the knobs has no prac- 
EG tieal purpose, it is re- 
placed by projections 
from the edges of the 
plate, as seen in fig. 
38.*) Conecluding from 
my own observations I 
should think that this 
arrangement has been 
rarely used; it must be 
confessed, however, that 
the corrosion of the 
bronze often makes it 
difficult to discern å 
detail of this sort. Dr. 
HILDEBRAND has men- 
tioned it as a fact of 
importance to the study 
of the development. 
And certainly, from the 
proceeding of placing 
the two knobs upon 
Fig. 87. 171: projections from the 
sides of the plate it is 
a small step to the next stage of development, viz. to cast the 
whole upper part of the brooch in one piece. 
With this change is finished the development of the practical 
1) Fig. 36: Norway (locality unknown). B. 428. — Fig. 37: Høiland, 
Nordre Undal pgd. Mandal. OC. 17990. Ab. 1895, p. 66. ro Gå 
2) Kvalen, nordre Fron pgd. Gudbrandsdalen. 0.5700. Ab. 1871, p. 95. 
