1906] The eruciform brooches of Norway. AT 
the knobs are concave from the underside, and the plate is nearly 
twice as broad as it is high; an intermediate stage is represented 
in fig. 57, the knobs of which have a flat underside. The pro- 
portions of the whole form are thus transformed, as the bow, which 
is now broader than before and concave from the underside, must 
become å more predominant part of the brooch, when both the 
plate and the foot are made shorter. More than any of the trans- 
formations of the details does 
this change of the proportions 
of the whole form prove, how 
far we have come here from 
the early form of the cruciform 
brooches.  Regarding the last 
two tigures is to be mentioned 
also the very degenerated form 
of the animal-head, though it 
is in both cases directly devel- 
oped from earlier forms. Some- 
times are found more curious 
variations, as seen in the details 
illustrated in figs. 59 and 60,1) 
which apparently have a less 
direct connexion with the forms 
known from an earlier stage of 
development. 
Besides the large brooches, 
the transformation of which we 
have just seen, are to be noted 
some smaller specimens preserv- 
ing more of the original form 
even at å time when the former 
had been much changed. As 
they are not numerous and have ou SEL, NU 
no important variations, they 
are represented here by one figure only (fig. 61)*) showing their 
most characteristic features: the nearly quadratic plate with small, 
1) Fig. 59: Ertseid, Søndre Undal pgd. Mandal. OC. 9189. Ab. 1879, p- 
170. — Fig. 60: Hole, Gryten pgd. Romsdalen. T. 2913. Ab. 1882, p. 127 s. 
?) Nordre Fevang, Sandeherred pgd. Larvik. OC. 6980. Ab. 1874, p. 139. 
