1906] The eruciform brooches of Norway. 75 
of the foot in such brooches as fig. 92; one of the oldest specimens 
of this sort is seen in fig. 94.1) This alteration is in itself remark- 
able as it is the first transformation of the head of the cruciform 
brooch, the part from which the type has got its name and which 
has been nearly unaltered through so many transformations of the 
bow and the foot. It is noteworthy that the plate and the knobs 
are not much transformed even in so late a stage of development 
as fig. 92. But the plate also became altered in consequence of 
the transformation of the 
knobs. These being now 
three animal-heads re- 
quired å more organic 
connexion with the brooch 
than did the moulded 
knobs, and consequently 
we generally find in such 
brooches that the corners 
of the plate have been 
eut off and the three 
animal-heads connected 
with each other through 
an elevated ribbon run- 
ning along the edge of 
the plate (fig. 95).”) In 
fig. 969) is represented 
an intermediate form 
where only the top-knob 
is formed like an animal- 
head while the plate is 
of the same sort as fig. 
95. Thus we miss here 
the most constant and 
characteristic part of the crueiform brooches, the rectangular plate 
provided with three knobs, round or polyedrous, which is generally 
regarded as the evident mark of the cruciform brooches, but con- 
1) Braasten, Høiland pgd Jæderen. B. 2476. LoranGE: N. Olds. i B. 
M. p. 65. 
2) Tu, Klep pgd. Jæderen. B. 92514. Loranee: N. Olds. i B. M. p. 58. 
3) Tysnes, Hammerø pgd. Nordland. Tromsø Museum 19286. Ab. 1900, 
p- 261. 
