1906] The cruciform brooches of Norway. 91 
In my opinion this type is not derived from the cruciform 
brooehes properly said; I think that it has sprung from the same 
prototype as the series figs. 11—13 above, as the form of its head 
is most closely allied to that form (see fig. 113)') and as the tri- 
angular foot-plate, in its most original stage of development, is met 
with already in the half-Roman brooches from which the said series 
is derived (see Mzstorr: Alterthimer, pl. XLIX, fig. 581). 
The origin of this foot-plate is also best explained, if we suppose 
that it is åa Teutonic transformation of the rather broad foot seen 
in Roman brooches of the sort given in figs. 1 and 2. 
It is an important fact that the peculiar, crosslike head-plate 
in these brooches always appear in combination with the flat, tri- 
angular foot; but also the 
bow has here another cha- 
racter than the bow of our 
eruciform type (fig. 113 and 
figs. 161 and 167). It is 
thus clear that the broo- 
ches in question appear as 
a distinet type with hardly 
any details in common with 
the cruciform type. 
But their history is in 
most respects parallel to that 
of the ceruciform brooches; 
from Sleswick-Holstein they 
were brought to England 
where they are found in Fig. 108. 1. 
great numbers, and to Scan- 
dinavia. In Sleswick-Holstein*) this type is found only in the 
cemetery of Borgstedt which is regarded as the latest of the 
cemeteries of the Migration-Period in that country, though there 
has also been found brooches with returned foot besides the eruci- 
form brooches of an already developed form corresponding to the 
independent development in Denmark and in the Scandinavian 
Peninsula. Many specimens of both stages were found in the 
1) Kvasseim, Egersund pgd. Jæderen.. B. 5984. B.M. Aarb. 1905, no. 14, 
p- 43. 
2) For the following details I am indebted to dr. FRIEDRICH KNORR who 
has kindly informed me about the finds in Sleswick-Holsteiu. 
