1906] | The eruciform brooches of Norway. 97 
even when seen from that side. 'The side-knobs also are, although 
retaining the full roundness of the form, of very thin bronze with 
only å small hole in the base to pass the axis; å remarkable proof 
of ability in small metal-work. Thus the brooch is made very light 
as compared with its size, at the same time as it certainly is one 
of the best executed specimens known from Western Norway. It 
is also in all probability in order to obtain å more accomplished 
appearanee of the brooch that the workman has taken the trouble 
to make the side-knobs separately and to fix them to the plate by 
a separate axis of bronze, an arrangement at that time nearly quite 
forgotten. 
Ås å summary of what has been said in the description of the 
Western forms, it may be pronounceed that the original shape of 
the brooch in Western Norway has been subject to more fargoing 
changes than it has in the Eastern parts of the Peninsula, and 
that the late Western varieties are distinguished by sharpness of 
form and by good workmanship in å higher degree than is the 
case with corresponding specimens in Eastern Norway. 'The scarce 
appearance, in the brooches from Western Norway, of ornamental 
patterns executed with åa punch or å drill, has also been noted as 
a difference between the brooches in the Eastern and in the Western 
parts of the Peninsula. On the other hand, the practical arran- 
gement of the pin and the gradual changes of the head of the 
brooeh are prineipally the same in all parts of the Peninsula and 
very different from the development which took place in Denmark 
and partially also in England. 
5. The erueiform brooches of England. 
My knowledge of this branch of the cruciform brooches is not 
sufficient to give a detailed description of all the variations of the 
form or of the local spreading of the type in the island;*) I must 
content myself with trying to draw the outlines of the general de- 
velopment of the type within the English district, especial respect 
1) I know from personal examination the brooches preserved in The 
British Museum, London, and in the museums of Newcastle, Oxford and Cam- 
bridge; for information about the collection of York I am greatly indebted to 
dr. GEORGE Å. ÅUDEN who has kindly afforded photographs of the specimens 
preserved there. 
