1906] The eruciform brooches of Norway. 99 
and as the head-plate is missing it certainly cannot be included 
among the eruciform brooches in the meaning in which it is used 
in this paper. But it is — as pointed out by dr. SauIN — very 
interesting as indicating å Teutonic population in the middle of 
England already in the 4th cent., and conse- 
quently it is not excluded that future discov- 
eries will give evidence of the existence of 
the contemporary cruciform brooches (of å form 
as figs.'19, 20, 23, 25) also within the English 
district. 
The erueiform brooches, properly said, 
which I know from England are all in å more 
advanced stage of development, and some of 
them, showing the earliest variations known, 
are given in the following four figures (116— 
119).') It is evident that such forms have 
already passed the first stage of development 
which was common to the distriets on the Fast 
side of the German Ocean, but compared with 
the brooches from this side of the sea they 
certainly are most closely allied to some forms 
from Sleswick-Holstein and from Jutland, and 
they may be said to continue the development 
from about the same point where it is finished 
in Sleswick-Holstein. Here the latest brooches 
found are of å form as MestorF: Alterthiimer 
fig. 593 which is rather earlier than the broo- 
ehes figs. 117—119. Ås signs of å more ad- 
vanced development I note in these brooches 
the larger dimensions and the broader shape of 
the whole form, the animal-head ineluded, to 
which may be found very close parallels in 
Jutland*) but not in Sleswick-Holstein. Fig. TT Je 
Respectinz the shape of several details 
these English brooches also suggest connexion with brooches from 
Jutland, while hardly any trace is found of influence from earlier 
1) Fig. 116: Rugby; AKERMAN: Remains of Pagan Saxondom, pl. XVII, 
fig. 2. — Fig. 117: Icklingham, Suffolk; Brit. Mus. From åa photograph. — 
Fig. 118: Wildbraham, Cambs. NEviLLE: Saxon Obsequies, pl. 8, no. 143. — 
Fig. 119: Wildbraham; NEVILLE, pl. 8, no. 73. 
?) For instance Copenhagen Museum: 2817, OC. 5411, C. 7258. 
