110 Haakon Schetelig. [No. 8 
knobs have grown together into one square plate, where typologieal - 
rudiments of the knobs are found oniy in the ornamentation. But 
even in this late stage of 
degeneration the type has 
preserved many characteristic 
details, such as the higher 
middle part of the head-plate 
and the little flat plate of 
the foot connecting the bow 
with the neck of the animal- 
head. — Such late brooches 
as figs. 181—1833 probably 
belong to the latter half of 
the 6te cent. 
Dr. HItbEBranD has 
already suggested that many 
of the English brooches are 
typologically later than all 
known in Scandinavia, from 
which he coneluded that the 
original home of this form 
is not in England but some- 
where in the Northern coun- 
tries, and I have found this 
opinion confirmed by the 
larger and better material 
now at hand.” He also 
mentioned the possibility of 
making out especially close 
connexions between the Eng- 
lish and Danish brooches, åa 
presumption being, in my 
opinion, evidently proved by 
the existing material, though 
I think that the other part of his conclusion — that such brooches 
are rare in Denmark because the population here had emigrated 
1 Dr. Hans HILDEBRAND in ,Antiquarisk tidskrift för Sverige", IV, p. 
209—210. 'The same question was treated by dr. UNDSET (Aarbøger f. nord. Oldk. 
Copenhagen, 1880, p. 131) with whom, however, I cannot agree, as he supposed 
that the cruciform brooches were first introduced in Norway from England. 
