1906] The erueiform brooches of Norway. 187 
rather before than after the end of the 5th cent. I think it al- 
lowable to use this indication as å hint to the dating of the erave, 
the more so as others of the antiquities found here — two pins, 
a girdle-ring, and an earthenware pot — point in the same direction. 
From the indications thus afforded, the grave might be fixed iate 
in the 5th eent., but as some of the erueiform brooches (tips. 163 
and 166) are typologically younger than the silver brooch with 
spiral patterns, I am inelined to date the foundation of the grave 
somewhat later, most probably to about the year 500 A. D. The 
brooehes from this grave should, consequently, be counted as con- 
temporary with the specimen fig. 160, å supposition which agrees 
well with the typologi- | 
cal state in both instan- 
ces. The brooeh tig. 163 
only has the appearance 
of being considerably 
later than the others: 
it must be remembered, 
however, that it belongs 
to the hybrid forms 
which are always in- 
elined to a faster de- 
generation than the 
genuine types. 
From the finds 
quoted, we see that 
the cruciform brooches 
found in association 
with early brooches in | 
relief, or counted as contemporary with them, all belong to å rather 
advanced stage of the development. They might be signified as 
middle forms, but partly declining already towards the last part of 
the development. Generally such forms are to be dated to the 
latter half of the 5th cent. and the time about 500 A. D. 
Fig. 165. Be 
As an appendix to my treatment of this period, I may briefly 
mention å find from Mandal, though it is certainly of more interest 
in respect to the typolosy than as å contribution to the chrono- 
