1906] 
II. 
III. 
PV: 
The ceruciform brooches of Norway. 153 
some brooches of this sort were made after the beginning of 
the 5th cent. but the following period of the development must 
have begun at the time about 400 as it ended within the 
middle of the 5th cent. — Specimens from this first period 
are shown as figs. 20, 23—27. 
400—500. Å. D. First part of a separate development in 
the different distriets. Farly Norwegiam forms. 'The head- 
plate becomes larger and is brought into contact with the 
side-knobs; different combinations of these two elements are 
found; in Norway and Sweden the side-knobs are finally cast 
in one piece with the rest of the brooeh. The animal-head 
becomes aå constant ornament of the foot. In Norway the 
bow is generally made shorter than before. — Specimens from 
this second period are shown figs. 35—40, 47, 48, 86, 88, 90. 
450—500. A. D. Middle Norwegian forms. The knobs are 
nearly always cast in one piece with the brooch, and they 
have often a flat underside. The first ornamental changes of 
the form are found in the extension of the head-plate and 
of the bow, though the form is on the whole fairly well pre- 
served. Culmination of the development in Eastern Norway. — 
The hybrid variety with semicireular foot appears though it 
ehiefly belongs to the next period. — Specimens from this 
third period are shown figs. 41, 42, 49, 53—56, 74, 75, 77, 
87, 106, 107. In fig. 80 is represented the transition to the 
fourth period. 
900—3550. A. D. Late Norwegian forms.” The knobs are, 
with very few exceptions cast in one piece with the rest of 
the brooch; the whole brooch has å concave underside. Cul- 
mination of the development of Western forms and degenera- 
tion of the type. Hybrid forms with semicireular or triangular 
foot-plate. — Specimens from this fourth period are shown 
figs. 43, 45, 46; 50, 57, 61—683, 67—72, 84, 91—98, 108, 111. 
With this fourth period the development has come to an end 
and only å few and degenerated specimens are met with after the 
middle of the 6th cent. 
As it will always be difficult to make out chronological que- 
stions of the sort treated here I suppose that my conclusions will 
be subject to future corrections. I should, at least, not be surprised 
if more detailed comparisons will prove my periods to be too long 
and 
If consequently the end of the whole development will thus be 
