120 J. H. MAIDEN. 



great promise as a protector of the banks. It forms a 

 dense scrub and prefers drier situations than willows. On 

 the Upper Hunter the common Passion vine has been found 

 useful, in connection with willows, as a bank protector. 

 Doubtless other riparian owners pin their faith more or 

 less on other plants. 



My view is that on the Upper Hunter the main bank- 

 protectors should be trees, on the Middle Hunter small 

 trees or scrub, and on the Lower Hunter, where the banks 

 are usually low and friable, I would recommend creeping 

 shrubs, and grasses, and other plants with underground 

 rhizomes. I therefore make the following suggestions of 

 readily available plants for the districts stated. 



3. Plants recommended for Upper, Middle, and Lower 

 Hunter. — A. List of trees recommended for the banks of 

 the Upper Hunter : 



1. Casuarina Cunninghamiana, Miq. The "River Oak," 



which has been referred to in the body of this paper. 

 It may form a very large tree. 



2. Angophora intermedia, DO. and A. sidwelutina, P.v.M. 



These are rough-barked "Apple-trees." They attain 

 a large size on the flats liable to inundation. Natives 

 of Eastern Australia. 



3. Podocarpus elata, R. Br. The " She, Brown or Berry 



Pine " which flourishes best on the banks of some of 

 our rivers. 



4. Melia Azedarach, Linn. The " White Oedar." One of 



our few deciduous trees. It is a native also of Asia. 

 It grows readily from seed, which it produces abun- 

 dantly. While this grows readily on river banks and 

 among debris it will flourish on the drier mountain sides 

 where it may be necessary to develop a rapid forest 

 growth. 



