98 Proceedings oj the Asiatic Society. [April, 



tea plantation, which, I suspect, contains more relics. Horawala is 

 situated on the slope of the Himalayas immediately under Badraj, at 

 a distance of about 8 or 9 miles, as the crow flies, from the Jumna, 

 and occupies a commanding position. Separated from Horawala and 

 its surrounding small villages by the Kot Naddi, is a lofty eminence 

 called by the natives Dhobri, which bears a local reputation of having 

 once been a place of some importance. Numerous fragments of bricks 

 are washed down from it, by the torrents formed during the rains, into 

 the Kot Naddi on the east and the Maota on the west. Both these 

 rivers have their source in the ravines of Badraj, and for some distance 

 run almost parallel to each other with a very small interval. The 

 Maota, however, is united to the Grahna and takes its name for some 

 distance before the Kot joins it, and with it forms the Sitlawala 

 Naddi. The hill called Dhobri, which is only known to the records as 

 part of the township of Surna, is a long narrow and excessively steep 

 barrier between the Kot and the Maota. Ascending from the Kot, 

 one reaches a terrace about half way up, which is exceedingly regular in 

 its formation, and much unlike anything I have observed in the other 

 hills below the Himalayas. The summit is now barely a yard in 

 width, the descent to the Maota being a tremendous precipice, though 

 the tiny thread of water which constitutes that river, runs far away 

 from the side. As one proceeds to the north along the summit, one 

 meets two sudden breaks in the hill, which have every appearance of 

 being artificial. Passing these, one can with difficulty arrive at a peak, 

 now tenanted by birds, with precipices on three sides, and the latter of 

 the two dykes I have mentioned on the fourth. Nothing can exceed 

 the desolation which at present characterises the spot, yet even on this 

 summit I found fragments of bricks similar to those I had seen all 

 about the hill. These fragments measured 8' in breadth by 2 J in 

 depth, and the greatest length I saw was 9'. I must add that north 

 of this spot and of Horawala, are the villages of Kotra and Kothi, 

 which names, with that of the river Kot, seem to indicate the memory 

 "i some ancient citadel. The remains at Pirthipur consist of an old 

 tort surrounded by a moat and by thorny bamboos, and a Hindu tem- 

 ple and some Satis ; but there are traditions of an extensive city situ- 

 ated in what is now the Pirthipur forest, and traces of an old aqueduct 

 running through it. In recent times Pirthipur was the place where 





