88 Proceedings of (he Asiatic Society. [June, 



but he should also provide them with food, clothing and lodging, 

 during their stay under his teaching. He himself is to be remunerated 

 indirectly by the invitations and presents which celebrity as a teacher 

 would ensure his receiving at the religious ceremonies of the neigh- 

 bouring zemindars. Thus my own visit was delayed some weeks in 

 consequence of all the principal Pandits of Nuddea being absent, as 

 they had gone to attend the craddha of the late Rajah of Cooch 

 Behar. The tole system of Nuddea has, however, degenerated in 

 this as in other respects. The Pandits of most toles in other districts 

 still lodge and feed their pupils ; but those of Nuddea, with very few 

 exceptions, have been able to break through this custom. They now 

 only supply their pupils with lodging, the reputation of Nuddea no 

 doubt enabling them to attract students from other toles in spite of 

 the greater inducements which the latter offer. 



The chief studies of Nuddea are Smriti and Nyaya. It is the 

 latter, especially, for which its name is celebrated all over India. 

 Other provinces have their own peculiar schools of law, and Nuddea, 

 therefore, can generally only attract students of Bengal to its Smriti 

 toles; but in logic it has an unrivalled reputation. Chaitanya, the 

 celebrated reviver of the mystic worship of Krishna at the close of the 

 15th century, was a native of this place ; and it has produced a suc- 

 cession of great Naiyayika teachers, whose names are household words 

 in every Pandit family in India. In fact the name of Nuddea is 

 associated witli the latest development of the Nyaya philosophy. 



The ancient Sutras or Aphorisms of Grotama do not represent the 

 modern logic of India; and although the recent school may have 

 added little or nothing to the real discoveries of the Hindu Aristotle, • 

 they have undoubtedly elaborated a most refined system of logomachy, 

 far surpassing in subtilty and ingenuity all the scholastic disputations 

 of mediaeval Europe. 



One of the most celebrated mediaeval logicians was Gangeca Upa- 

 dhyaya of Mithila, who wrote a large treatise, called the Chintdmani, 

 in four sections on the four Naiyayika pramdnas or sources of know- 

 ledge, i. e., perception, inference, comparison, and testimony. It is 

 this work which has furnished the text to the modern Nuddea school. 

 Its most renowned members are the following. 



1. Raghunatha (^ironiani, who wrote a commentary on the first 

 two sections of the Chintumani. This is called the Didhiti. 



