1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 177 



rising of the Dungens on the North, bears no relation to the former 

 rebellion of the Panthays on the south, or to any subsequent move- 

 ment of the Southern Mussalman population of Yunan, to throw off 

 the Chinese yoke ; such movement having commenced as early as the 

 year 1855. 



" This opinion must be understood, however, to have reference only 

 to the present attitude and circumstances of the Panthays in Yunan ; 

 without any speculative allusion to causes, or the possibility of 

 future combination ; for the Panthays of Yunane and the Dungens, 

 are, after all, of the same race and religion, and are merely divided 

 from each other, by the Province of Sechuen ; and a general struggle 

 for independence, if it really arises, and is able to make head against 

 the Chinese Government, will certainly include at no great distance 

 of time, the whole of the Mahomedan population in China wherever 

 found. The first sign of a combination between Panthays and Dun- 

 gens, will be manifested by the fall of Sechuen, and the news of such 

 an event would soon reach this Province. 



" The term Dungen or Turgen is not known or comprehended by 

 either Panthays or Burmese. The . Mahomedans of the North 

 Western Provinces of China are known to the Panthays, by the same 

 denomination as they call themselves, u Mooselin," and to the 

 Burmese as " Tharet." The word Panthay, or as it is sometimes 

 pronounced Panzee, is of Burmese origin, and is a mere corruption of 

 the Burmese word " Puthee," which signifies, or distinguishes Ma- 

 homedans from persons of other religions in Burma. The Chinese 

 call the Panthays " Quayz." What they term the Mahomedans of 

 Kansoo, I am not aware — possibly it may be Dungen or Turgen. 

 The Mahomedans of Kansoo are said to have lately achieved their 

 independence, and occupy that province under a chief named Abdool 

 Jaffir. 



11 The Mahomedans of Yunan are merely a remnant, I should imagine, 

 of the great wave of Mahomedan aggression, which, under Maho- 

 med of Guznee, Mahomed Ghori, and Gengis Khan, overran Per- 

 sia, India, and a portion of Northern China : their ingress and pro- 

 gress in China, are separately given or accounted for by Chinese and 

 Panthays. The Panthay account is somewhat mythical, and as- 

 sumes at once the superiority of their race. The Chinese version 



