142 NOTES ON MALAY HISTORY. 



a large number of dates and covers the period 1222-1481 

 A.D. (in the original 1144-1403 Caka). This period includes 



the time when the great Javanese State of Majapahit 

 was founded and flourished ; and the Pararaton gives many 

 interesting details about the history of Java during this epoch. 



Its allusions to Malay history are unfortunately ' (as is 

 natural) much scantier. I will give them here briefly. 



The first one occurs in the account of the reign of Cri 



Kertanagara, the last king of Tumapel, who reigned ' (according 

 to the Pararaton) from Caka 1194 to 1197 ' (1272-1275 A.D.) 



This king, we are told, " sent his troops against Malayu." 

 The immediate result of this unwise expedition, which left 

 Tumapel almost defenceless ' (" there were very few men left at 

 Tumapel, most of them having been sent to Malayu"), was the 

 fall of his kingdom in the same year at the hands of another 

 Javanese Kaja, one Jaya Katong, of Daha. " The expedition 

 against Malayu and the fall of Tumapel occurred in the same 

 year, 1197 Caka," i. e. 1275 A.D. Assuming this date to be 



correct, the expedition must have been on a considerable scale, 

 and not a mere raid, for the troops, we are told, did not return 

 till many years later, apparently in 1293 A.D. They brought 

 back with them, as part of their booty, it may be presumed, 

 two Malay princesses : one of these, by name Dara Petak was, 

 subsequently married to Eaden Wijaya, the first king of Maja- 

 pahit, who bore the royal style of Cri Kertarajasa ; the other, 



called Dara Jingga, became the wife of a high chief and the 

 mother of the prince Tuhan Janaka, styled Cri Marmadewa, 



with the title of Ratu ring Malayu, and afterwards also styled 

 Aji Mantrolot. 



There is nothing to show us which Malay state in particu- 

 lar was the victim of this onslaught. But as from the close 

 of the 7th century at least (and perhaps earlier) and for 

 many centuries later the term " Malayu " was especially ap- 

 plied to the homeland of the Malays, i. e. Central Sumatra 

 north-west of Palembang, it is probable that the Javanese ex- 

 pedition was directed against this region. In any case some 



Jour. Straits Branc 



