NOTES ON MALAY HISTORY. 143 



part of Sumatra is almost certainly intended. During the 

 interval between the despatch and the return of this expedi- 

 tion stirring events had occurred in Java. Majapahit had been 

 founded and the wellknown invasion of the island by the 

 forces of Kublai Khan, the Mongol Emperor of China (called 

 in the Pararaton " Katu Tatar " ) had taken place. It is describ- 

 ed in the Pararaton, but its details do not concern us 

 here. 



I ought perhaps to add that while it seems to follow from 

 the account in the Pararaton that King Kertanagara was killed 

 by his enemies of Daha at the time when Tumapel fell, the 

 facts are really otherwise. We know from an inscription dated 

 Caka 1272 ' (1350 A.D. ), reproduced with transliteration, 

 translation and commentary by Professor Kern in the Bijdrag- 

 en tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch- 

 Indie ' (Deel LVIII), that he did not actually die till the year 

 Caka 1214' (1292 A.D.), shortly before the arrival of the 

 Mongol expedition' (which reached Java in 1293 A.D.). This 

 seems to throw some doubt on the correctness of the date on 

 which the expedition is supposed to have been despatched to 

 " Malayu." But the point is not really very material. 



The next mention in the Pararaton of Malay countries 

 occurs in or after the account of the reign of a certain queen 

 of Majapahit styled, (from her place of residence) Bhreng 

 Kahuripan, whose reign began in 1331 A.D. In the year 1346 

 A.D. the celebrated Gajah Mada, whose name is familiar to 

 the readers of Malay chronicles (which wrongly introduce 

 him into their somewhat legendary accounts of the 15th. 

 century ) became apatih amangkubhumi, that is to say prime 

 minister, of Majapahit. On a certain undated occasion ' (but 

 certainly after 1334 and presumably after 1346 A.D. ) we are 

 told that " Gajah Mada, the apatih amangkubhumi " made a 

 now that he would eat no palapa ' (whatever that may be) 

 " until Nusantara shall have been subdued, until Gurun, Seran, 

 Tanjung Pura, Ham, Pahang, Dompo, Bali, Sunda, Palem- 



bang and Tumasik shall have been subdued ; then will I eat 

 palapa/' said he. 



ft. A. Soc, No. 53, 1909. 



