148 NOTES ON MALAY HISTOBY. 



Hujung Kelang Keda Jere ri Kafijapiniran sanuoa pupul. 



I cannot claim to be a Kawi scholar and it is quite possi- 

 ble that in my attempted transliteration I may have divided 

 some of the Javanese words wrongly : the original runs most of 

 them together without a break. But I am only concerned 

 with the proper names which the passage contains, and as 

 in the interpretation of some of these I venture to differ from 

 previous commentators, it was necessary to quote the whole 

 passage. The poet then goes on to detail the dependencies 

 lying to the east-ward -of Java, beginning with Bali and includ- 

 ing a number of places in the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Mo- 

 luccas and Celebes and even as far as New Guinea; in fact, 

 covering practically the whole Archipelago except the Philip- 

 pines. It is not necessary for my purpose to enumerate these 

 places here. But the whole list gives a very good summary of 

 the Archipelago as known to the Javanese in the 14th century of 

 our era; and though in a good many cases the claim of supremacy 

 may have been of a somewhat shadowy kind, yet the list is 

 evidence of the predominant position held by the kingdom of 

 Majapahit at this period. 



To return now to the place-names more particularly con- 

 nected with the Malay Peninsula : Pahang, Kalanten, Tring- 

 gano, Kelang' (nowadays less accurately written Klang) and 

 Keda' (i. e. Kedah) are obvious and require no explanatory 



comment. It must not be assumed that they stand for the 

 names of states : they probably represent the rivers, with tiny 

 settlements at the mouth of each, that were the nuclei round 

 w T hich the respective states have developed. Hujung Medini 

 is rendered by Professor Kern as " Hudjung, Tanah ;" but I 

 think the comma must be a misprint and agree with the 

 Encyclopaedic in interpreting it as the southern end of the 

 Peninsula, the already mentioned Ujong Tanah, nowadays called 

 Johore. " Medini " appears to mean the same thing as 

 tanah. Lengkasuka has been rightly identified by Col. Gerinei 

 with the Langkasuka mentioned in the Hikayat Marong Maha- 



wangsaas an old capital of the state of Kedah. It lay near Gun- 

 ong Jerai (Kedah Peak), a considerable way south of the Kedah 



Jour. Straits Branch 



