NOTES- ON MALAY HISTOEY. 149 



River, and that is no doubt the reason why the two are separ- 

 ately mentioned. The Encyclopaedie conjecturally identifies 

 Lengkasuka with Selangor, which is certainly a mistake. Sai 

 is one of the Patani states and lies to the north-west of Ke- 

 lantan. At this point my reading differs from Professor Kern's. 

 He reads the words Sai mwang together as one proper name, 

 which he transliterates " Semong. " But I know of no such 

 place-name and take mwang to be a particle, as in the passage 

 in Canto 13 which reads Samudra mwang i Lamwti Batan 

 Lampuag mwang I Bants. Where the text has, apparently, 

 " Nacor, " Professor Kern writes " Nagor. " Perhaps " Nacor " 

 was a misprint. If it is right I do not know what it stands 

 for. Nagor has been identified by the Encyclopaedic with 

 Ligor and I have no alternative explanation to suggest. But 

 there is a difficulty her.- : for a p'ace called Dharmanagari 

 mentioned in Canto 15 of the poem has also (by Col. Gerini) 

 been identified with Ligor. Moreover Ligor was at this period 

 certainly tributary to Siam and could not with any show of 

 reason be claimed by Majapahit. 



The next two names, which I take to be Paka and Muwar, 

 are read as one expression "Pakamuwar" by Professor Kern. 

 The Encyclopaedic suggests that they represent " pekan Muar, " 

 that is to say a mart in the district of Muar or on the Muar 

 river. I incline to think that they stand for two distinct places, 

 viz. (a- Muar, which now forms part of Johore, (i.e. the mouth 

 of the Muar river, not its upper course) and (b) a river on the 

 East coast lying between Kemaman and Dungun in the state 

 of Trengganu. Newbold ' (vol. ii, p. 60 of his well known work 

 on the Peninsula "British Settlements in the Straits of Malac- 

 ca) " spells it Pakaa ; Skinner in his " Geography of the Malay 

 Peninsula " (p. 29) calls it Paka ; my friend Mr. W. W. Skeat 

 informs me that the Society's map spells it Pake. The identi- 

 fication is conjectural, of course, and I put it forward with 

 some diffidence. But it seems on the whole rather more prob- 

 able than the "pekan " interpretation. The next name, Dun- 

 gun, which is also a river-name, has just been incidentally 

 accounted for and requires no further explanation. Tumasik, 



R. A. Soc, No. 53. 1909- 



