RHODOSPERME2. 197 
This species is extremely rare, but is met with generally in muddy pools, ~ 
attached to Corallina officinalis (Fig. 111) and other small algz, between 
tide-marks. It is readily known by the great length of its colourless joints 
and the crimson or purple nodes, from which arise minute fan-shaped lateral 
branchlets, which adorn the main stems, and are repeatedly forked to the 
very tips. Fig. 181 represents one of the terminal branches. The favella 
of this species is a remarkable microscopic object. It consists of two 
lobes, of globular form, enclosed in a pellucid border, and partly surrounded 
by long forked ramuli. This lovely species is met with in several 
situations on the Devonshire coast and in the west of Ireland, but I 
have taken it only at Plymouth and in Torbay. The third section 
of this beautiful group of plants contains four species which are re- 
markable for their spinulose habit, the dissepiments or nodes of all being 
armed with spines or bristle-like hairs. Fig. 182 represents .a magnified 
terminal branch of the species C. flabelligerum, so called from the 
flabellate or fan-like branching of its fronds, which are about 4in. high, and 
set with forked lateral branches, the tips being mostly acute, but 
occasionally terminating in a tiny fork, the apices of which are slightly 
curved inwards, as seen in our illustration. The articulations of the lower 
branches are twice as long as broad, but in the upper parts they are 
mostly equal in length and breadth, and are all armed on the outer and 
upper edge with a single three-jointed awl-shaped spine. The favellz are 
three-lobed, and are produced in the forks of the branches. The whole 
plant is coated with coloured cellules, assuming, in consequence, some 
resemblance to varieties of C. rubrum (Fig. 176), but the presence of spines 
in this species is a constant character which at once distinguishes it. This 
plant is by no means common, but it is found in Torbay, at Plymouth, and 
elsewhere in England, and on some parts of the Irish coasts. C. ciliatum, 
beautifully represented at Fig. 183, by two terminal forked branches, grows 
on rocks and on the smaller algzx in tide-pools, forming dense tufts of 
a pale purplish tint, but prettily chequered with silvery-white joints; 
the nodes only, containing the coloured cellules, which are also set with 
a whorl of three-jointed prickles, as represented highly magnified at a, 
Fig. 184. The branches are repeatedly forked, the tips of the terminal 
ones having yet another tiny fork, the apices of which are strongly curved 
round and inwards; and even the joints of these, minute as they are, are 
all furnished with the characteristic prickles already described. C. 
echionotum, represented by some filaments of this species at Fig. 185, 
is so named from the manner in which the slender, single-jointed spines 
are set on all parts of the nodes, closely resembling the arrangement 
of those on the shell of the Echinus or Sea-urchin. A portion of the 
stem, highly magnified, is seen at b, Fig. 184. The growth and ramification 
of this species are not unlike those of the foregoing, but the stems and 
branches are generally more abundantly supplied with little forked 
lateral ramuli, and the colour is usually dark red. The favellz are 
generally two-lobed, and are supported by a whorl of short in-curved 
