72 BRANDSTETTER'S INDONESIAN LINGUISTICS. 



theory or been amazed at Ophuij sen's attempt to discover con- 

 jugation in Malay and to explain the di in di-makan-nya as a 

 contraction of dial Brandstetter shows that some at least of the 

 verbal formatives appear to have been once separate parts of speech, 

 notably prepositions and articles. To prove how wide-based are 

 his theories it is only necessary to point out that the following 

 languages were selected as a basis for the study which resulted in 

 this essay : — 4 , 



Philippines: 1 Bontok — 2 Tagalog. ^ 



Celebes: 3 Tontemboan — 4 Bareqe — 5 Macassar — 6 Bugis. 



Borneo : 7 Dayak — 8 Basa Sangiang. 



Java: 9 Old Javanese — 10 Modern Javanese. 



Islands towards Xew Guinea : 11 Kamberese — 12 Ivupangese — 



13 Kottinese — 1-1 Masaretese. 

 Sumatra: 15 Minangkabau — 16 Toba — 17 Karo — 18 Gayo — 

 19 Achinese. 



Islands at the back of Sumatra: 20 Mentaway — 21 Mas. 



Malay Peninsula: 22 Malay. 



Madagascar: 23 Hova — 24 Old Malagasy. 



Essay IV was published in 1915 and deals with the " Phonetic 

 Phenomena in the Indonesian Languages. 7 ' Perhaps it is the 

 most epoch-making of the essays in this volume ; with its clear 

 summary of the phonetic laws of the simple sounds of the Indone- 

 sian languages, its delineation of the pepet law, the E. G. H. law, 

 the hamzah law, the law of the mediae, the diphthongs and as- 

 pirates and their laws. It is useless to try to abbreviate in a re- 

 view an essay so packed with important matter. If ever an attempt 

 is made to produce a comparative dictionary of an Indonesian 

 language, the lexicographer will need to have this essay by heart. 



It is to be hoped that Dr. Brandstetter will continue to write 

 essays on the Indonesian languages of the quality of those in this 

 volume ; that Mr. Blagden will find time to translate them, and our 

 parent Society the will to print them. 



Even for those of us whose interest hardly extends beyond 

 colloquial Malay, this volume should prove stimulating and illu- 

 minating. He also serves the cause of Malay studies who buys the 

 few works that are written on the subject: and the present volume 

 is infinitely the most important that has ever appeared in English 

 on Malay philology. 



