14 



0. NordoaarcL 



[No, 



There are indeed neither in temperature nor salinity any great 

 differences, biit in temperature at any rate there appears a distinct 

 downward movement from surface to bottom. As for salinity, it is 

 a fact that the bottom water contains less salt than the overlying 

 layers. Nor is it imlikely that water of temperature 0^,75 with 

 saltness 34,67 overlying water of temp. 0,2 with saltness 34,48 may 

 be thus balanced by specific gravity, that the whole represents at 

 least a momentary equilibrium. The question now arises: How is 

 the inverse winter condition to be explained ? The observations 

 have shown that especially in the inner parts of arctic fjords there 

 may in winter prevail the same temperature and salinity from 

 surface to bottom. There is thus scarcely anything to prevent that 

 in the Porsanger fjord there may have been for some time previously 

 (before April 27th) a temperature about 0,2 and a salinity of 34,48 

 from surface to bottom (200 m.). By the afflux from the coast 

 sea and from the outer parts of the fjord, that equality would in 

 some degree be disturbed, and a state of things like that which 

 was found on April 27th might thus appear. But it is most likely 

 that such a condition is only to be considered as a temporary one, 

 and that it indicates an inconstant state of equilibrium in the water 

 layers. — 



As an instance how in the course of the winter a successive 

 increase of salinity takes place in the upper layers (on account of 

 the less fall of rain and snow, and the mixture of the salt bottom 

 water and the fresh layers) I will give my observations from Høla 

 near Svolvær in Lofoten during the winter of 1899. 



Høla (Lofoten). 









m. 



150 m. 



(bottom) 



Date 



t. 



s. 



t. 



s 





CO 



%a 



C« 



%o 



1899 











"/i 



3,3 



33,16 



6,6 



34,52 



^Vi 





33,25 



6,8 



34,59 



^% 



1,3 



33,48 



6,1 



34,59 



^«/3 



1,0 



33,46 



6,5 



34,84 



% 



0,8 



33,72 



6,4 



34,97 



% 



2,65 



33,73 



6,15 



34,84 



