22 0. Nordo-aard. [No. 2 



4°C. und auf 81° am 10. August um 8 Uhr Abends sogar noch 

 + 3°,6C," 



In June, 1898, prof. Nathorst (5, p. 187) found at the mouth 

 of the Icefjord: 



Om 5° C, 



Bottom 405 „ 3° „ 



For comparison prof. Nathorst cites the data of Mr. Gustaf 

 Nordenskjold for the summer 1890 at the same place: 



100 m -f- 0,5 to -=- 0°,7 C. 



300 „ -r- 0°,2 C. 



At the request of dr. Hjort the Norwegian dispatch-boat 

 Heimdal has tåken samples on its voyage from Bergen to the Arctic 

 Ocean in May, 1896, 1897, and 1898. Gran sums up the results 

 in these words (2, p. 6): „The volume of the Gulf Stream in May, 

 1898, hacl not nearly so great a superficial extent as in 1896, but 

 greater than in 1897." On account of several facts, it could easily 

 be concluded that the expansion of the Gulf Stream in 1899 was 

 less than usual. 



Among these facts I will mention that a German expedition, 

 which tried to reach Beeren Eiland, was stopp ed on the 12th of 

 May by pack at 72° 53' N., 19° 20' E. On May 16th the said 

 expedition pressecl forward to 74° 12' N., 16° 35' E., where it 

 was stopped. At the micldle of May the pack extended to 63 

 nautical miles South of Beeren Eiland. 



To the above circumstance I will acld that telegraphic accounts 

 from the middle of June 1899 indicated, that the ice conditions in 

 the White Sea were more unfavourable than usual. . 



If we, however, from these circumstances conclude that the 

 extent of the Gulf Stream area was very small in the spring 1899, 

 we come in contradiction with the observations of the Tromsø 

 captains. But on the other hand it seems probable that the con- 

 siderable reduction of temperature, of which the observations give 

 evidence, may have influenced the ice conditions both at Beeren 

 Eiland and in the White Sea. 



