102 TELE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. xxxvi. No. 429. 



spherical form. In other cases there are seen nucleoli which are in 

 the sickle-stage whose nature has been discussed by many authors, 

 some explaining it as a normal phenomenon, while others attributing 

 it to some artificial influence. Schaffner attributes this stage to the 

 action of the killing fluids (16, 18). The nucleoli of Iris japotika 

 actively throw off many small bodies and seem to partake in ex- 

 trusion as in the case of Galtonia described by Digby. It is unknown, 

 however, whether the nucleolus moves into the adjacent cell without 

 changing its form, or either after dividing into several small bodies 

 or by the amoeboid movement. But the facts are that the small 

 round bodies stained intensely or faintly with haematoxylin are found 

 in the extruded substances as well as in the nuclear cavity of the 

 cell in which the extrusion is observed (Fig. 5, 9), and that a large 

 body resembling true nucleolus in shape and size is seen close to the 

 chromatin extruded in the cytoplasm of a cell whose nucleus retains 

 its normal condition (Fig. 5). A substance is seen to flow out of a 

 nucleolus which is stained red by fuchsin and is pressing against the 

 cell wall, and pass through the cell wall into the blue-stained chromatin 

 which after being extruded into the adjoining cell remains close to the 

 cell wall at a position opposite to the above-mentioned nucleolus. It 

 is probable that in the manner stated above the nucleolar substance 

 may flow into cytoplasm of the adjacent cell and become round. 

 Whether many small bodies originate from the chromatin or from the 

 nucleolus, it is still unknown, for it is difficult to ascertain the exact 

 process either morphologically or by staining reaction (cf. 11, 15, 20). 

 Concerning the position of the nucleolus there are two cases: i. the 

 nucleolus in company with the chromatin it progresses to a position 

 near the cell wall at the time of extrusion, ii. the nucleolus remains 

 in the central region of the cell, while the chromatin moves towards 

 the cell wall (Fig. 11). In some cases the nucleolus breaks into 

 fragments (Fig. 10) and in other cases they can not be discerned as 

 shown in Fig. 8. 



The clear area in the cytoplasm round the extruded portions 

 was described by the above-mentioned authors. The conditions in 

 Iris japonica in this respect are obvious in the cases shown in Figs. 

 1, 3, 4, 9, 15 and 18. 



In my preparations of Iris, most of the pollen mother-cells show 

 conspicuous plasmolysis and the cytoplasm is generally vacuolated, 

 while there are found some mother-cells in which the cytoplasm is 

 apparently normal as seen in Fig.L In the former case the extrusion 



