Wright.} 62 [December 20, 



the whole length of the glacier, but had rained down from the canon 

 wall along the lower part of its course. Upon examination, however, 

 they were all found to be more or less rounded, and many of them 

 were quite rudely spherical. 



" On the north-east side of Mount Shasta the glacial phenomena are 

 on a larger scale. The main ice stream is two miles wide and ends 

 in three distinct tongues, which project downward, occupying broad, 

 shallow canons. The ice for a long distance is covered with debris, 

 exactly as in the case of the Mc Cloud glacier, the sole difference 

 being that the rocks have all been transported from the upper region 

 of the cone, there being no flanking walls to supply the material along 

 the glacier's lower course. As a consequence, the boulders have been 

 far more jolted and tossed together, and are all rounded in the same 

 manner as I have constantly observed the blocks of moraine piles of 

 New England. 



" I walked over these terminal moraines on the north-east side of 

 Shasta and explored them very thoroughly. The general surface 

 was thrown into rude hills three hundred or four hundred feet in 

 height, and the conical depressions which I had already seen in pro- 

 cess of formation on the Mc Cloud glacier were dotted along at inter- 

 vals over the whole terminal region. I was obliged to thread my way 

 along the brinks of these moraine bowls, and in two instances with 

 my companion actually started these subsidences. The blocks which 

 are all more or less rounded, grated under our feet, an area from one 

 hundred to one hundred and fifty feet wide began to sink, and wc 

 barely escaped going down with the heavy avalanches of boulders 

 which poured into the middle of the pit as it constantly sunk deeper. 

 It became at once evident that the rounding of the blocks was 

 caused by the constant grating together of the whole morainal ma- 

 terial. Reference to photographs of Bourne and Shepperd of Simla, 

 India, shows several of the terminal regions of Himalayan glaciers, 

 notably those along the Upper Ganges, where precisely the same 

 phenomena are shown on a vastly grander scale. 



" Not long after the visit to Shasta, together with Mr. Wm. Forbes 

 and Mr. S. F. Emmons, I examined the island of Naushon, one of the 

 Elizabeth Group, off Buzzard's Bay, Mass., which presented precisely 

 the same phenomena I had been studying at Mount Shasta. The 

 island is in my belief unquestionably a part of a terminal moraine 

 which is partly on the main-land at Falmouth, the Elizabeth Group 

 being its westward continuation, Naushon, which was the only island 



