Eathbun.] 350 [April 17, 



at Iguarassii were found beds with fish teeth, mostly sharks, and also 

 some reptilian teeth. To the west of the Cretaceous, and not far 

 from the coast, is the gneiss zone. The coast southward to Cape St. 

 Agostinho, Rio Formoso, the island of Sto. Aleixo, and the Rio Sao 

 Francisco, to and including the beautiful falls of Paulo Affonso, were 

 all examined, and on the latter river fossils were discovered in the 

 Cretaceous formation. Extensive studies were made on the sand- 

 stone reef of Pernambuco, and the coral reefs of Candeias, Maria 

 Farinha and Parahyba do Norte, from which were obtained large 

 collections of corals and other marine animals, and Snr. Ferrez was 

 very successful in taking photographs of all the interesting places 

 and objects. At the close of the above series of explorations, a large 

 part of the specimens and photographs, illustrating the results of the 

 work, were prepared for the National Exposition at Rio, in Decem- 

 ber, 1875, at which Prof. Hartt had the honor of lecturing in the 

 presence of the Emperor. A series of these photographs were also 

 exhibited in the Brazilian Department of the Philadelphia Centen- 

 nial Exposition. 



In the beginning of 1876, while one party was exploring the prov- 

 ince of Sergipe, another was examining the geology and reefs of the 

 bay of Bahia and vicinity. From the Cretaceous formation along 

 the line of the Bahia Railroad were obtained a great abundance of 

 fossil remains, among which were the genera Lepidotus and Pisodus 

 of fishes, and Crocodiles and Dinosaurs, etc., of reptiles. The 

 diamond gravels of Camassari and Pojuca, near Bahia, were found 

 to consist in large part of a rock resembling itacolumite, which, 

 though not observed in situ, probably exists somewhere in the neigh- 

 borhood. The large and, until that time, unexplored island in the 

 bay of Bahia, called Itaparica, was examined and proved to be com- 

 posed entirely of fossiliferous Cretaceous rocks, similar to those on the 

 north side of the bay. On the Rio Itapicuni, in northern Bahia, the 

 Post-Tertiary deposits yielded bones and teeth of the Megatherium, 

 Mastodon, a very large species of Capavara (Hydrochcerus) , etc. 

 In Sergipe, the geology of all the region between the sea coast and 

 the Serra of Itabyana was investigated. This proved to be an inter- 

 esting section of country, as its structure is quite varied. The Serra 

 of Itabyana, which can be seen from the coast, consists of beds of 

 sandstone, conglomerate, and limestone, dipping strongly toward the 

 east, and probably of Paheozoic age, though yielding no fossils. Be- 

 tween the serra and the sea is the most interesting Cretaceous basin 



