148 HIKAYAT JAYA LANGKAEA. 



p. 190-2) and in the lit. Indra Keyangan ("Essays on Indo- 

 China," 2nd ser., vol. II, p. 36) for a musical instrument; in the 

 folk-tale Raja Budiman (R. A. S., S. B.) for a bird, a remedy for 

 sickness : in the Ht. Indra Bangsawan there are two quests one for 

 a bamboo musical instrument the subject of the king's dream and 

 one for the tigress' milk the only salve for a princess's eye (cf. 

 Snouck Hurgronje's " The Achehnese " vol. II, pp. 145-147 and 

 pp. 143-5 and Parker op. tit., pp. 357-9). The Ht. Indra Bangsa- 

 wan resembles closely in plot the Ht. Gnl Bakawali, a modern 

 Malay translation from the Hindustani of Xipal Chand. But the 

 Gul Bakawali includes episodes which make it nearly identical so 

 far as the broad plot goes with the Ht. Jaya Langkara. In both 

 we have the son whose birth will bring his father disaster; the 

 favouring of that son by supernatural powers ; the wicked brothers 

 who fall into duress ; the quest for a magic flower. 



The episode of the astrologer prophesying fortune for Jaya 

 Langkara and the wicked half-brothers reporting that the astrologer 

 has prophesied disaster from him for his father's kingdom is 

 parallelled in the stories of the lying astrologers in the folk-tale 

 Raja Budiman and in the folk-tale Raja Donan (J. R. A. 8., S. B.) 

 The prediction that, if a father sees his son, disaster will follow is 

 common in Indian folk-tales (e.g. Steel and Temple's "Wide- 

 Awake Stories," p. 250) : a kindred superstition underlies the 

 Malay rule that after installation a Eaja Muda (or Crown Prince) 

 must cross a river and not for seven days meet the ruler who has 

 installed him. 



The lit. Raja Tabir (van Konkel's " Catalogus " pp. 161-2) 

 is merely a variant version of the Ht. Jaya Langkara with an add- 

 ed episode. In it the hero Panji Mas Merang is the son of Eaja 

 Ta'bir Mukif of Hamasfati and princess Suganda Irani. His half- 

 brothers, the sons of Suganda Bayang-Bayang of Chuchali, are 

 named Jongkar and Jongkir. A seer Indra Wamaki takes the 

 place of the kadzi astrologer. The flower grows on Mt. Undara. 

 The prince of Madain falls sick and the name of his daughter who 

 dreams of the flower in the possession of the princess and the two 

 half-brothers is Firi Manggeri. She and Jongkar and Jangkir are 

 imprisoned in Tumanggaturi. 



In the Batavian fragment of our romance the father of Jaya 

 Langkara is ^Lc- 0)pr an( l his wives Sukanda Chahaya ^v*> 

 and Sukanda Chahaya Belambing whose sons are Mukdim and 

 Makdum. The name of the princess is Eatna Kasihan as in 



Niemann's MS. 



The following is a summary of the Singapore MS. : — Saifu'l- 

 Muluk, king of f Ajam Saukat (o^*- or 4.5.*- or o-XLi) married 

 princess Sukanda Eum and got no child ; married Sukanda Bayang- 



Jour. Straits Branch 



