1S71.] 243 [Hyatt. 



Both mandibles are feathered for at least half their entire length, 

 but the nostrils may be either naked, as in P. papua, or covered, as 

 in the other three species. 



In P. adelice the amount of the bill exposed is small, (only about 

 one-third), the nostrils are thickly covered, and the naked angle of 

 the upper surface of the bill is very short. The nasal groove is very 

 abrupt and widens out rapidly toward the skull, instead of being 

 long and narrow as in P.papua and Aptenodytes. 



Although the bill becomes shorter in this species, like that of 

 Spheniscus, it maintains the breadth of base viewed from above, 

 which characterizes Aptenodytes and Eudyptes. The tail feathers 

 are very long in all of these species. 



If now we seek the affinities of the different forms, we are at once 

 impressed by the fact that P. papua and P. antarctica really repre- 

 sent Spheniscus, and P. adelice is similar to Eudyptes. P. papua 

 possesses the longest and narrowest bill of any, except Aptenodytes ; 

 both mandibles are feathered as in Spheniscus minor, though the 

 plumes reach farther forward ; the nasal groove is also very similar, 

 especially as it is not strictly coincident with the nostrils as in 

 Aptenodytes, but a little above them as in Spheniscus. The gonys 

 is slightly concave, the sides compressed, the tip truncate, and the 

 tip of the maxilla hooked. These characteristics indicate a very 

 decided affinity with Spheniscus minor] but for the long tail (longer 

 than that of any other bird of the family except P. adeliai) it might 

 be included in the same genus. Separated by this characteristic we 

 are enabled to pass to P. antarctica, in which equally strong affinities 

 are shown in the coloration, etc., but the tail is the same and the bill 

 shows characteristics approximating it to P. adelioz. 



Finally, P. adelice has a beak which in general form and charac- 

 teristics is like that of Eudyptes; this is apparent in the width 

 posteriorly of the nasal sulci, and the extent to which the mandible 

 is feathered. The mandible, instead of being straight and truncated, 

 with a concave gonys, as in P. papua and Spheniscus, is pretty evenly 

 and convexly curved. 1 In this it is peculiar as it is also in the com- 

 plete feathering of the nostrils. 



1 This was observed in but one specimen, no others being at hand for comparison; 

 and it may prove that the abrupt though even curve, which terminates the mandi- 

 ble, is a varietal difference. It needs a very slight exaggeration of the angularity 

 of the upper portion to make it as decidedly truncated as in Spheniscus. 



