Garman.] 174 [November 4» 



tance above the crotch, which is undeveloped. Females of erinacea 

 have the outlines of the males of ocellata ; the males of the former 

 have more of an indentation on the anterior margin of the pectoral. 

 Young of ocellata, of the size of the adults of the smaller species, 

 have spines in the median dorsal row, and on the head and shoulder 

 girdle, much as in radiata. Radiata differs from both of the preced- 

 ing in outline, in dentition, in its stout bucklers, and in the structure 

 of the claspers. In outline it is less acute anteriorly than eglanteria. 

 Its rostral cartilage is broad and strong at the head, and, keeping its 

 strong proportions, tapers somewhat abruptly ; that of eglanteria be- 

 comes slender, and, having its sides nearly parallel, tapers gradually 

 to a point. Eglanteria has a greater number of rows of teeth than 

 radiata. While radiata has bucklers, eglanteria has laterally com- 

 pressed, much hooked spines in nearly the same positions. On the 

 outer extremity of the shoulder girdle, where the former has a small 

 buckler in front and a large one behind, the latter has a single large 

 spine in the middle. 



The one has the clasper broad, flattened, rounded at the end like 

 a spatula ; the other rounded and terminating in a point. One has 

 the caudal fins separate, but without a space between them; the 

 other has an interspace with spines between them. In radiata the 

 spots are as in the preceding species ; in eglanteria they are more or 

 less confluent, forming lines, bands or bars. Laivis has the snout 

 more produced, and the lateral angles sharper than either of the oth- 

 ers. Its rostral cartilage is quite different in shape. It is long, com- 

 paratively wide, flattened above and below, and has its sides parallel. 

 It tapers on the upper and lower surfaces in such a way as to form a 

 chisel or shovel instead of a point, as in all of the other species. It 

 is much the largest of the skates and has the largest teeth, but in the 

 smallest number of rows. The spines on the sides of the tail are 

 immediately above the membranous expansion; they are directed 

 horizontally, and are either straight or hook forward. In eglanteria 

 these spines are directed outward and upward, and hook backward; 

 in radiata they are separated from the membrane by a band of sha- 

 green. From uniform brown the colors of Icevis vary to clouded or 

 spotted. 



It will be noticed that under the measurement of each species four 

 numbers are given; the first is the length from the snout to the end 

 of the tail; the second, to a line joining the widest portions of the 

 pectorals ; the third, to a line joining the posterior extremities of the 



