80 ANATOMICAL NOTES ON MALAY APES. 



relative weight of an organ, constitutes an abnormal condition 

 of that organ. The accompanying table gives the actual and 

 relative weight in most of the specimens I have examined, and 

 chart I is a more lucid representation of the same. The 

 spleen appears to be comparatively large in the mature foetus, 

 and enlargements are more common in adult females than 

 adult males. In Papio and Hylobates the spleen seems to be 

 wonderfully stedfast, while in the genus Semnopithecus the 

 variability is great — from .0010 to .0055. But in none could I 

 say there was a resemblance to the human ague spleen. The 

 nearest approach to this condition I have yet come across was 

 the spleen of a young female orang-utan. I haveayoungstumpy- 

 tailed baboon who suffered at one time greatly from anaemia, his 

 ears and face having the almost characteristic hue of malarious 

 cachexia, but the fluctuations in his temperature were slight — 

 102 to 1 02. 75 F. Another very young stumpy-tailed mon- 

 key's temperature is 101.2 F., while the crab-eating monkey 

 has a temperature of 101 F. Thus the results of the enlarge- 

 ment of the spleen, as an indication of fever in the monkeys, 

 are negative. 



V. — Some of the Variations in Structure. 



In the jungle, remote from reference, it is impossible to 

 give an adequate account of these. I will broadly note the 

 chief ones. 



Of the three species I have examined, Semnopithecus 



albocinereus is the most variable; next Hylobates lar ; while 



has Papio nemestrinus has a wonderfully stedfast structure. 



One would expect to find variation in those parts or organs : — 



1st, which differ in nearly allied species and genera; or 



2nd, which have undergone an increase or change of 



function. 



The assumption of the semi-upright position by the lower 

 quadrumana, and the downright position (using downright 

 in distinction to upright as applied to man) by the higher 

 quadrumana [Hylobates and Simla), has led to a change of 

 function, in degree and kind, of many of the organs of the 

 body. The rough diagrams #, b, c and d show partly what I 

 mean. From these it can be seen that the line of support is 

 continuallv changing. Thus the spinal column, especially about 



