ANATOMICAL NOTES ON MALAY APES. 83 



had intentions of having connection with the pelvic bones. 

 Such growth of cartilage on the tips of transverse processes 

 is not of uncommon occurrence (diag. XVI). In a foetus of 

 Hylobates lar the transverse process of the twenty-seventh 

 vertebra was in a much further state of development than 

 the twenty-sixth (diags. XVIII and XVII). 



In one specimen of Semnopithecits the abdominal aorta 

 divided on the twenty-fourth vertebra instead of the twenty- 

 sixth, and smaller degrees of variation are common. 



The arrangement of blood vessels in the pelvis is very 

 variable. The insertion of the diaphragm may shift down a 

 vertebra and the muscles arising from the anterior aspect of 

 the lumbar region are also liable to variation. 



(d) — Variations in Muscles of the Limbs. 



With the great increase and change of functions in the 

 arms of the Hylobates, one would not be surprised to come 

 across variations in the muscles of these limbs. The biceps 

 becomes the great muscle of locomotion, and in diag. XIX 

 we have what might be called the normal condition — one head 

 coming from the coracoid process, the other coming from the 

 top of the glenoid cavity ; while in diag. XX we have the 

 glenoid head coming as usual, while the coracoid comes from 

 the edge of the biceps groove. A curious thing, in connec- 

 tion with this, is the transference of the triceps head of the 

 latissimus dorsi to the biceps, thus from an extensor in the 

 monkeys and baboons, it becomes a flexor in the gibbons 

 ■{see diag. XX). 



There are also numerous variations amongst the extensor 

 muscles of the forearm and leg, while there are numerous 

 forms of arrangement in the arteries and veins of the lower 

 limbs. 



(e) — Variations in the Viscera. 



Diag. XXI shows the appendix vermiformis of the gib- 

 bons — long, narrow and worm-like ; that of the orang is al- 

 most similar ; diag. XXII shows that of the pig-tailed baboon, 

 only a contraction of the caecum ; diag. XXV gives the usual 

 form of the caecum of the S . albocinereus, with hardly an ap- 

 pendix at*all, but sometimes it resembles that of the pig-tailed 

 baboon as in diag. XXIV. 



