ANATOMICAL NOTES ON MALAY APES, 85 



(b) — The Intertemporal Space and the Temporal Ridges, 

 (See diags. XXXVI, XXXVII, XXXVIII, XXXIX), 



The intertemporal space is bounded laterally by the tem= 

 poral ridges from which rise the temporal muscles ; in front by 

 the frontal ridges, behind by the occipital ridges, from which 

 rise the occipital muscles. In fcetal life and youth this space 

 covers nearlv the whole skull, but as the animal gfrows older 

 the temporal muscles climb up the sides of the skull, while the 

 occipital scramble up behind and the intertemporal space melts 

 away before them. Thus the temporal ridges may crush it 

 out and meet, as in the adult orang, and form a ridge. As a 

 general rule, it may be taken that the larger this space the 

 greater the relative size of the brain to the body. A small 

 intertemporal space means large temporal and occipital mus- 

 cles ; large temporal muscles mean large canine teeth 

 (fighting teeth) or coarse food ; coarse food means a big stomach, 

 and a big stomach, as I shall presently show, means a small 

 brain. Keep away the effect of the big canine teeth and 

 this intertemporal space can be formulated so as to give a 

 wonderfully exact indication of the relative amount of brain 

 matter. 



But the proper signification of these temporal ridges has an 

 important value in classification. They certainly cannot have 

 any generic value, and little stress can be laid on them as 

 specific distinctions, seeing the ease with which they could be 

 varied and the degree in which they do vary with age and 

 sex. They do not reach their final position until well into 

 adult life. 



(c) — Epiphysis of the Bones. 



Take the scapula (shoulder blade) of the voung monkeys for 

 instance. Along the base we find a border of cartilage. This 

 border foreshadows the further development the bone is to 

 undergo (diags. XL, XLI, XLII.) According to DARWIN'S 

 Law of Hereditv, these borders represent the latest evolution- 

 ary acquisitions of the scapula. Thus XL, XLI, XLII represent 

 the latest scapular additions made to Semnopithecus, Papio, 

 and Hylobates, Semnopithecus and Hylobates have had their 

 infra-spinatus space augmented, giving them increased arm 



