Hagen.] 110 [November 27, 
ture, which surpass all belief. The article ‘‘ corpora aliena in corpore 
humano” in Rust’s Surgical Archives, written by the celebrated Dr. 
Dieffenbach, gives a large number of the most incredible and never- 
theless carefully observed cases. 
Concerning the urinary organs, we anal in a table drawn up by Pro-~ 
fessor Civiale of Paris (Gazette des H6pitaux, 1838), a collection of 
one hundred and sixty-six cases of foreign bodies in the bladder, in 
which the following articles were removed from it; twenty-five 
needles and pins, one bodkin, two ear pickers, six fragments of 
bones, five teeth, eighteen sounds or bougies flexible and rigid, twelve 
pieces of wood, six needle cases, one cork, thirteen plant stems, ears 
of wheat and straws, nine pieces of lint, six pipe-stems, three glass 
tubes, various kinds of fruits, feathers and hair. Since that time up 
to 1861, he has extracted nineteen sounds or bougies, a leather strap, 
two pen-holders, an artist’s brush handle, two pieces of bone, a piece 
of tendon, alamp wick, a barometer tube, and a medal. 
If it is therefore proved that persons in some morbid disposition are 
themselves apt to put foreign bodies in the bladder, we are allowed to 
conclude that at least some of the insect cases belung to this category; 
though no insect or insect larva is mentioned among the bodies re- 
moved from the bladder. That an intentional deception has some- 
times occurred, is a well-known fact, but other cases are beyond this 
suspicion, and therefore it is fair to suppose that unpremeditated 
mistakes have been made in observation. Cases-in which such mis- 
takes were developed are recorded, — one by Linnaeus himself. His 
student Rolander, suffering from dysentery, was believed to have dis- 
charged a large number of living Acari, but Linnaeus discovered that 
the wooden drinking cups in the room were swarming with these in- 
sects as wellas the one used. Siebold speaks of a similar case in which 
living specimens of Ptonus fur were believed to have been discharged, 
while later it was discovered that the leather cushion of the stool was 
infested with the living beetles. The view that the discharged larve 
may have already been in the not thoroughly cleaned vessels, or that 
they afterwards fell in by chance, perhaps from the cover, is adopted 
as probable by LeClerc, Rudolphi, Bremser and others. This is 
doubtless the fact in the cases recorded of Oniscus and the Eristalis 
larva, and Dr. Bateman recalls judiciously, that the recorded 
larvae of Muscidae may have been generated in or near the 
water closet, as they often live in such places. If we adopt this ex- 
planation for another set of cases, there still remain some in 
