Stone.] 464 [March 3, 
fication. When crossing transverse hills and valleys, a kame is some- 
times stratified on the hill and only a pell-mell mass in the valley. 
2. The Stratified Kame. This is the more common of the two. 
In many cases the lower layers are of finer’ materials than the upper. 
These lower layers rest upon the lower till, but thus far I cannot find 
any deep channel cut in the till. In the jaws of a few narrow passes 
there is but little till to be found, and it may have been washed away 
by the kame river, but if so, not along a well-defined channel with. 
walls of till. Most of the large longitudinal sections examined show 
that the water flowed from north to south, as attested by the dip of 
the lines of stratification. The peculiarities of the stratification of 
the kames in Maine, are so similar to those which have been al- 
ready well described by observers on both sides of the Atlantic, 
that no further particulars need now be added. 
For the study of the internal structure of the kame that has been 
under the sea there are excellent facilities in Maine, although the 
number of excavations and exposed sections is not so great as could 
be desired. I have been able to learn much as to their composition 
by means of wells. 
There was, first, the original kame, already described as a ridge of 
varying breadth and height, and often with steep slopes. Upon the 
flanks of this, and sometimes completely covering it, are marine clays 
which may contain a quantity of gravel for some considerable dis- 
tance back from the kame. Capping the whole is a mass of strati- 
fied sand and gravel which is the re-classified top of the original 
kame, now strewn by the sea on either flank and usually covering 
the clays on either side for five feet or more. The under kame is 
generally bluish in the color of its materials, the upper brownish. 
The upper kame is in great part not a kame at all but a marine 
gravel bar capping the real kame as well as its bordering clays. Oc- 
casionally a section shows a kame completely covered by clay, which 
in turn is overlain by an ‘“‘ upper kame.” Here I suppose the clay 
was deposited over a low place in the kame, and the upper gravel 
was washed there from the higher parts. This longitudinal trans- 
portation is fully proved by lines of stratification in the upper 
kame. Upon the top of the upper kame may often be found angular 
boulders, which, as stated elsewhere, I refer in part to stranded ice 
floes. The angular and sub-angular character often shown by the 
smaller stones of the upper kame indicates that much of fine materi- 
