Stone.) . 46 8 [ March 3, 
bed of the kame river. This ice when broken up and carried down 
‘by the spring floods would often carry with it fragments of rock. In 
this connection it is instructive to examine the beds of mountain . 
streams, such for instance as those which flow into the Androscoggin 
over the thick sheet of till which covers the northern slopes of Mount 
Moriah, between Gorham, N. H., and Shelburne Bridge. The force 
of the currents has washed away all but the largest pebbles and boul- 
ders. And yet, even on that steep slope, these torrents, for such they 
are in time of flood, do not have power to transport boulders two or 
three feet in diameter, except slowly. Now in the kames we find 
pebbles two or three feet in diameter mixed with stratified gravel and 
sand. ‘Transportation by floating ice would afford a satisfactory ex- 
planation of this, though not the only one. 
PELL-MELL Kames. We may account for these by at least two 
theories. They may have been deposited above the ground on 
the ice. When the ice melted they would naturally settle down 
irregularly and thus their stratification might be obliterated. Or we 
may suppose, after their deposition, a flow of the ice sufficient 
to confuse them. Ina few placesI have thought the latter theory 
probable, but in general the stratified and pell-mell portions so alter- 
nate as to require the explanation first given. 
Kame-Puains. There are cases where a kame ends in plains 
which cannot yet be proved to be deposited within ice walls. Most of 
these have been modified by the sea and their testimony is not conclu- 
sive either way. It is abyndantly proved that many of the plains 
were deposited on the ice or within ice-channels. ‘This is well shown 
at Sebago lake as is described elsewhere (system XXYV). If the 
kames were deposited in surface channels in the ice, the plains would 
naturally be formed as follows. These systems of reticulated ridges are 
found in regions that are level or of so gentle slope that the power of 
transportation of the water was greatly diminished from what it was 
farther to the north. Hence the channels of the streams soon became 
filled and then the streams overflowed into new channels running in 
various directions and of various depths. Where these channels coy- 
ered or enclosed an island of ice, there was left when the ice melted a 
funnel ora lakelet. This theory also very well accounts for the ten- 
dency of kame-plains to form on one side of the main or original 
kame if it be very large. The ice that filled the bed of Sebago Lake 
must have been from four to six hundred feet thick in order that sys- 
tem XXIII might pass right over the basin. In Moosehead Lake it 
