TWO LEAFHOPPERS INJURIOUS TO APPLE NURSERY STOCK. 21 



entomological literature. The genus Empoa was erected by Fitch 

 (22, p. 63) in 1851, and in 1889 Weed (25, p. 155) transferred rosae 

 from Typhlocyba to Empoa. In recent years rosae, with a few excep- 

 tions, has been referred to under the genus Typhlocyba, owing to the 

 persistant ignoring of Empoa Fitch. 



This insect has been known as a pest of cultivated roses in several 

 European countries for more than a hundred years. The first 

 account of the rose leaf hopper in this country was published by Harris 

 (23, p. 199) in 1852, when he described it as Tettigonia rosae. Al- 

 though brief mention has been frequently made of this hopper since 

 Harris's time, the first record of it as an enemy of apple was made by 

 Parrott (26) in 1909. Wilson and Childs (27) in 1915 were the first 

 authors to treat of this insect at any length. They made a study of 

 the rose leafhoppe^ as a fruit pest in Oregon, giving the life history, 

 habits, destructiveness, and remedial measures. Brittain (28), also 

 in 1915, discussed this species as an enemy of apple in Nova Scotia. 



SYNONYMY. 



Empoa rosae (Linn.). 



Cicada rosae Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, v. 1, 1758, p. 439. 

 Typhlocyba rosae Burm. Handb. d. Ent., 2, 1835, p. 107. 

 Cicadula rosae Zett. Ins. Lap., 1840, p. 299. 

 . Typhlocyba pteridis Dahlb. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1850, p. 179. 

 Tettigonia rosae Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg., 2nd ed., 1852, p. 199. 

 Eupteryx rosae Marsh. Ent. Mo. Mag., v. 3, 1866-1867, p. 240. 

 Typhlocyba lactea Dougl. Ent. Mo. Mag., v. 12, 1875, p. 77. 

 Anomia rosae Fieber. Rev. d'Ent., v. 3, 1884, p. 124. 

 Empoa rosae Weed. Amer. Gard., July, 1889, p. 257. 



ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION. 



The rose leaf hopper is undoubtedly of European origin, as it was 

 known to Linnaeus more than a century before it was first recorded 

 in this country. It probably was introduced from abroad in the 

 egg stage on rose or apple stock. 



It is distributed generally throughout the United States and has 

 been taken from States forming the extreme northern, southern, 

 eastern, and western limits of the country. It is apparently most 

 abundant in the Northern States, particularly in the Pacific North- 

 west. In Canada, this insect has been reported from Nova Scotia, 

 Ontario Province, and from British Columbia. In Europe it has been 

 recorded from several localities in England, France, and Germany. 



FOOD PLANTS. 



This insect, although primarily a pest of rose and apple, is a rather 

 general feeder. At West Chester, Pa., it has been taken feeding 

 upon rose, apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry, quince, currant, goose- 

 berry, raspberry, blackberry, grape, Crataegus, elm, oak, and cotton- 



