1873.] 15 [Packard. 



ferent from the Atlantic States N. obfirmaria, and the genus Chesias, 

 which does not, so far as yet known, occur in the Atlantic region. 1 



But if we find a very few species which recall the European fauna, 

 there are, on the other hand, many peculiar European genera which 

 do not occur in the Pacific region. In other groups of Lepidoptera 

 there are some species that recall European types; such, especially, 

 are Papilio Zolicaon Boisd., representing the European P. Machaon, 

 and the genus Parnassius, which does not occur in the Atlantic region. 



Going out of the Phalsenidse, we find a few European types of 

 Bombycidge which occur in California, and are not found in the At- 

 lantic States, such as the genera Epicallia and Callarctia. 



On the other hand, we find in California no such development of 

 the genus Litliosia as in Europe, no species of Zygoma, no PsycJiidce 

 (except Phryganidia, an aberrant form) ; no such development of 

 Hepialus, while Xyleutes robinice, as in the Atlantic States, represents 

 the European Cossus ligniperda ; moreover the various forms of 

 Lasiocampa, and other allied genera, are far less numerous, if not 

 quite wanting in the Pacific region. 2 



We miss again in the Pacific States any species of Telea or Tro- 

 pcea, forms linking the Atlantic or northeastern American entomo- 

 logical fauna with that of northeastern Asia {Telea being represented 

 by the closely allied Antlicerea, and Tropcea Luna being represented 

 by T. Selene Leach). California has evidently not borrowed her 

 insect fauna from northern China or Japan. 3 



In the Neuroptera we have strong European features, the genus 

 Rliapliidia 4 occurring in the Pacific States, and not in the Atlantic, 



1 1 also referred to a supposed species of Rumia. On further examination I find 

 that this and the Maine species are types of a genus different from, though allied 

 to, Itumia, and accordingly in the present paper call it Hesperumia. 



2 L. carpinifolia Boisd. is, according to Grote, a species of Gastropacha. 



3 Dr. Boisduval, who was the first to publish a lepidopterous fauna of California, 

 enumerates the following species of Lepidoptera as being common to C alifornia 

 and Europe : Vanessa Atalanta, V. carditi, V. Antlopa, Ghelonia caja and C. Dahu- 

 rica, Arctla (Phragmatobia) fuliglnosa, Gonoptera llbatrix, Phhgophora metricu- 

 losa, Ampliipijra pyramidea, Agrotis exclamationis, A. annexa, A. saucia, A. 

 fumosa, A. ravida, Cucullia asteris, C. lucipara, Plastenis subtusa, Noctua trian- 

 gulum, N. plecta, Hadena pisi, H. protea, Monogona Hormos, Plusia festucce, P. 

 questlonis, P. ni. 



These are scarcely more distinctive of Europe than of America, some of them 

 being common to the subarctic regions of the two continents, and others may yet 

 prove to be distinct from the European species. 



1 Rhaphidia has as yet only been found in Europe, northern Asia, and western 

 North America (MacLachlan). 



