Allen.] 254 [January 21, 



sources of the Rosebud. They occur thence eastward from the Rose- 

 bud and the eastern base of the Big Horn Mountains to the Black 

 Hills and the Bad Lands, bordering almost the whole extent of the 

 Little Missouri, and northward throughout that part of the Yellow- 

 stone valley below the mouth of Tongue River. They have been 

 found by Dr. Hayden on the sources of the Tongue River, within a 

 few miles of the Big Horn Mountains, 1 and by Dr. Hines as far south 

 as " the foot-slopes" of the same range, on the Crazy Woman's Fork 

 of Powder River. 2 Dr. Hayden also mentions their occurrence on 

 the extreme sources of the North Fork of the Shyenne River, near 

 the parallel of 43° 30', and about midway between the Black Hills 

 and the Big Horn Range. He says, " There is near the source of the 

 Shyenne a most remarkable series of hills of varied forms, so connected 

 together as to form a ridge which extends far across the country from 

 the Platte to the Big Horn River. The summits of all these hills are 

 covered with burnt rocks in a melted or semi-melted state, and they 

 are from 150 to 200 feet in height above the surrounding prairie." 3 

 In respect to the Powder River, it seems more than probable that it 

 is bordered, like the Little Missouri, nearly its whole length by " bad 

 lands" and these accompanying metamorphic phenomena. They 

 have been observed on its sources, as already noted by Hines, who 

 also speaks of their occurrence for a considerable distance above the 

 junction of Clear Fork with the Powder River, and also on Clear 

 Fork, on a grand scale, 4 while one of the most noteworthy localities 

 occurring on the Yellowstone is at the mouth of Powder River. 



On the Yellowstone itself, the first appearance of lignite, so far as 

 reported, is opposite the mouth of the Big Horn, 5 while the first oc- 

 currence of the baked clays is still lower down, near the so-called 

 Buffalo Shoals, about half way between the mouths of Tongue and 

 Powder Rivers. At this point begins the great Powder River region of 

 metamorphism. It was at this point that Capt. Clarke first met with 

 the " burnt hills " in descending the Yellowstone, 6 and where also Dr. 

 Hines first came to the " red baked clays " in his journey down the 



1 Hayden's G-eol. Rep. Expl. Missouri and Yellowstone, p. 63. 



2 Ibid., p. 97. 

 s Ibid., p. 73. 



4 Hines, in Hayden's Rep. op. cit., p. 96. 



e Hines, Ibid., p. 102. 



« Lewis and Clarke's Exped., (Am. Ed.), Vol. II, p. 393. 



