The crimson-flowered Eucalyptus (E. fici 

 folL-0 from the original tree on the 

 Berkeley estate of Mr. I. N. Kie 

 rulff; over 20 ft. high. The most 

 beautiful red-flowered species. 

 The tree was grown from one 

 of five seeds sent to Mr. 

 KierulfT by Governor 

 General Sir Herbert 

 Chermside of Queens- 

 land, twenty-two 

 years ago. Sir Her- 

 bert had seen the 

 species in the Sul- 

 tan's garden in 

 Constantinople, 

 when holding 

 the position of 



Ambassador to Turkey. In Australia he 

 noted forty varieties of Red Eucalyptus 

 before discovering this particular 

 species. The seeds were sent 

 through Sir Herbert's sister-in- 

 aw, Miss Ethel Byron, who 

 inherited Newstead Ab- 

 bey, the historic seat of 

 Lord Byron. In her 

 journeys about the 

 world collecting 

 specimens of trees 

 and shrubs, she 

 visited California, 

 and incidentally 

 introduced the 

 Crimson-flowered 

 Eucalyptus 



PICTURESQ_UE VALUES OF EUCALYPTUS 



ALLISON MORRIS WOODMAN 



Dept. of Horticulture, University of California 



Australian Immigrants that Threaten to Overshadow Many of the Native Giants and Which Have 

 Strikingly Individual Habits That Need Special Consideration When Planting for Landscape Effect 



EEN against the sky the Eucalyptus presents a pleasing 

 , silhouette and the growth of many species is so rapid 

 y^^j. that the trunk is bare of limbs for many feet. Although 

 X£i£l§ young trees are rather compact in their growth, well- 

 developed specimens are usually open in character, irregular 

 in outline, with leaves hanging vertically. The leaves vary 

 from round or oval to sickle-shaped; the color varies from red to 

 dark green with tones of gray and blue, often exhibiting a silver 

 sheen on the lower surface. A slight breeze ruffling the leaves 

 gives a'shimmering, scintillating effect distinctive of the genus. 



Being so unusual in appearance, Eucalyptus seldom can be 

 successfully associated with other types of trees or shrubs, except 

 occasionally as an accent note in a group. It is especially 

 effective when several species are planted together. 



The trunks of different species vary considerably in character, 

 often forming one of the most interesting and distinctive features 

 of the group. The bark of the Blue Gum (E. globulus), Sugar 

 Gum (E. corynocalyx), Lemon-scented Gum (E. citriodora), 

 Gray Gum, and Manna Gum, is deciduous, white, mottled from 

 light brown to a cream or dark gray, and peels off in long strips 

 or plates, leaving the smooth inner bark exposed beneath. 



The appearance of a "moulting" Eucalyptus is very pictur- 

 esque and striking, but such a condition has its disadvantages, 

 too, especially when the trees are planted near highways. Other 

 species have persistent bark, which is either smooth or corru- 

 gated; fortunately many are suitable for use as shade trees. 



The leaves of juvenile forms are frequently quite different 

 from the leaves of fully developed forms; likewise, some species 

 will present as many as four or five different kinds of leaves upon 

 the same tree! This peculiarity of leaf variation, combined with 

 the rapid growth, has led to the assertion that ages ago the genus 

 was represented by herbaceous forms, in all probability annuals, 

 and that the present forms of growth are adaptations because of 

 a new environment. 



NATIVE of Australasia and adjacent islands, including Tas- 

 mania, New Guinea, and islands in the Malayan region, the 

 genus attains its greatest height in Australia, and several beau- 

 tiful species are said to be among the largest and tallest trees. 



The Blue Gum (E. globulus) was introduced into Europe 

 through the Mediterranean region in the early part of the 

 nineteenth century by Baron von Mueller, then Director of the 

 Botanic Gardens of Melbourne, Australia, and author of a 

 valuable treatise on the genus. Many other species are now 

 known and from its first place the genus spread into India, 

 Southern -Asia, and South Africa, and is now extensively grown 

 in Spain, Algeria, Cape Colony, Italy, and Portugal. Being quite 

 sensitive to extreme cold and sudden changes in the weather, 

 the genus in America is confined to California, and small portions 

 of Arizona, New Mexico, the Gulf States, and Mexico. 



Eucalyptus were grown in California as early as 1853 by a 

 Mr. Walker of San Francisco. Later, in 1858, Mr. C. L. 

 Reimer introduced fourteen species. In i860, Mr. Stephen 

 Nolan, a pioneer nurseryman of Oakland, grew Eucalyptus for 

 the trade. But the most efficient distribution of the genus 

 hinges about the work of the Santa Monica Station, southern 

 California, where over seventy species are now grown. During 

 the administration of Mr. Abbott Kinney of Los Angeles, Chair- 

 man of the State Board of Forestry from 1886-1888, many 

 thousands of trees, mostly the Blue Gum, were distributed 

 throughout the state. 



There are species adapted to meet every exigency of Cali- 

 fornia's diversity of soil and climate except conditions prevailing 

 in mountainous and very cold regions. Naturally at home, in 

 fog-ridden belts along the coast, many species do well in the 

 interior valleys. These include the Blue Gum, Red Gum (E 

 rostrata), Gray Gum (E. tereticornis), Manna Gum (E. vimi- 

 nalis), Broad-leafed Ironbark (E. siderophloia), Swamp Mahog- 

 any (E. robusta). 



199 



