BAENACLES FROM DEEP-SEA CABLES. 285 



Of the recent species ascribed to this genus by modern authors, 

 now numbering well over a hundred, only six were known to Dar- 

 win in 1851 and of these, four had already received separate 

 generic names. The type-species of Scalpellum was 8. vulgare, 

 Leach: 1824 (= Lepas "scalpellum-, Linne: 1767 and Poli: 1795); 

 Gray in 1848 had described a second species under the name 

 Thaliella ornata; the same author in 1825 had named a third 

 species S milium Peronii, and a fourth in the same year Calantica 

 Ilomii (= Pollicipes villosus, Leach: 1824). All these Darwin in- 

 cluded in Scalpellum, together with two new species, 8. rutilum 

 and 8. rostratum. He was not, however, by any means dogmatic in 

 so doing, for he wrote, " I have felt much doubt in limiting this 

 genus : the six recent species which it contains, differ more from 

 each other than do the species in the previous genera/' 



Hoek in his report on the e Challenger ' collection (1883) 

 followed Darwin in recognizing only one genus, in which he set 

 up two primary divisions, to include (A) those with imperfectly 

 and (B) those with perfectly calcified valves. 



Gravel, in his Monographic des Cirrhipedes (1905), accepted 

 Hoek's classification. 



In his account of the Cirripedia in the collection of the United 

 States Xational Museum (1907) Pilsbry considerably elaborated 

 this system, accepting three subgenera (Calantica, 8 milium and 

 Scalpellum) and further subdividing the subgenus Scalpellum into 

 three sections, which he called Scalpellum, s. str., II olo scalpellum 

 and Neoscalpellum. He based these subgenera and sections main- 

 ly on the number, form and position of the capitular valves of the 

 hermaphrodite or female but also considered the characters of the 

 dwarfed males when these were known. 



In the following year, in a paper " On the Classification of the 

 Scalpelliform Barnacles," he carried the process further, laying 

 greater stress on the males, and recognized four genera, Calantica, 

 8 milium, Euscalpellum and Scalpellum.. Scalpellum he subdivided 

 into two subgenera, Arcoscalpellum and Scalpellum, s. sir. He also 

 recognized other minor groups. 



In the meanwhile. (1907) Hoek had published his report on 

 the Cirripedia Pedunculata of the c Siboga ' and had introduced 

 into literature the names Euscalpellum and Arcoscalpellum, which 

 Hoek adopted from him. These names, however, Hoek used only 

 as those of " Sectiones," together with two others of similar appli- 

 cation — Proto- Scalpellum and Meso-Scalpellum. In all cases he 

 inserted a hyphen and spelt the ' Scalpellum ' part of the compound 

 with a capital S. In distinguishing the four sections he gave great 

 importance to the form of the carina, but also considered other 

 valves in the hermaphrodite and female and did not ignore the 

 males. 



In 1910 I gave reasons for recognizing only the genus Scal- 

 pellum with two subgenera, S milium and Scalpellum, s. sir. 



R. A. Soc, No. 74, 1916. 



