BABXACLES FROM DEEP-SEA CABLES. 295 



Museum a fairly large series from the Malay Archipelago, and the 

 .series includes a number of individuals intermediate between the 

 forms robusta and gemina. I am doubtful, therefore, whether dis- 

 tinct varieties based on the development of the valves should be 

 recognized in the species, but if it is considered desirable to refer 

 to the form with degenerate valves by a distinct name, they should 

 clearly be called var. inerme. Some justification may be found for 

 this course in the apparent absence from Japanese seas of indivi- 

 duals with degenerate valves. 



8. stearnsi was originally described from shallow water (6-10 

 fathoms ) , on the east coast of Japan. The type was attached to a 

 Vermetus shell. The type of S. calcariferum was from Enoshima 

 in Sagami Bay. My own Japanese specimens are also from Sagami 

 Bav, but probablv came from rather deeper water, as Pilsbry's {op. 

 cit, 190? ) from off Hondo certainly did. The latter were taken in 94 

 fathoms. Mine were attached to a dead shell of Xenophora, which 

 was mined by the sponge 1 Cliona vastifica v. concharum, Thiele. 

 Hoek's specimens were from the Sulu Archipelago and the Sulu 

 Sea ; they came from depths of from 201 to 105 metres. The types 

 of gemina were taken at the latter depth, but no examples of the 

 var. robusta were found in depths greater than 330 metres. The 

 specimens in the Barries Museum are from the Java Sea, from 

 depths of between 130 and 500 fathoms, while the type of 8. inerme 

 was from Bali Straits (160 fms.). Hoek's specimens were attached 

 to shells or (the types of gemina) to the anchor-filaments of a 

 Hexactinellid sponge: all of those from Malaysia in the Kaffies and 

 the Indian Museum were fixed to telegraph cables. 



It is possible that large size and a strong development of the 

 -capitular investment are correlated in this species with life in com- 

 paratively deep water, but I have not found this to be the case in 

 the European 8. rulgare, in which somewhat similar, but not so 

 extreme, variation occurs so far as the calcification of the capitulum 

 is concerned. 



Scalpellum persona, sp. no v. 



(PI. IV, fig. 3: pi. Y, figs. 7, 8; pi. VI, figs. 3-5). 



This species belongs to a little group of large ScalpeUa of 

 doubtful affinities and remarkable for the great development of the 

 capitular investment, in which the valves are buried and almost 

 -completely hidden. The valves themselves are more or less reduced 



1. Pearl-oyster shells from shallow water in Sagami Bay are attacked 

 by a form of the same sponge much more closely resembling the 

 forma typica. The upper surface of the Xenopliora shell, round the base of 

 the barnacles, was almost completely covered by a thick crust of another 

 sponge, GelJius glacialis v. iiiveus, Ridley and Dendy, which I do not think 

 has hitherto been recorded from Japan. The apertures of the mining 

 species were mostly on the lower surface of the shell, which was rather 

 deeply concave owing to breakage. It would seem to have been lying free 

 on the bottom. 



Tt. A. Soc, Xo. 74, 1916. 



