WALLAWALLA. 387 



pation has been already spoken of, and will claim more attention 

 hereafter. 



Here again some others demanded their annual token from the 

 brigade for past services. 



The country about the Dalles is broken, and the missionaries report 

 that this is the case for some miles around. There are, however, also 

 some plains and table-lands, which are considered as very valuable, 

 being well watered with springs and small streams; excellent for 

 grazing, and well supplied with timber — oak and pine. The soil 

 varies in quality, and portions of it are very rich. Garden vegeta- 

 bles succeed, but require irrigation. Potatoes also must be watered, 

 by which mode of culture they succeed well. Corn and peas can be 

 raised in sufficient quantities. Wheat produces about twenty-five 

 bushels to the acre : this is not, however, on the best land. They 

 sow in October and March, and harvest begins towards the end of 

 June. 



The climate is considered healthy; the atmosphere is dry, and there 

 are no dews. From May till November but little rain falls, but in 

 winter they have much rain and snow. The cold is seldom great, 

 although during the winter preceding our arrival the thermometer fell 

 to — 18° Fahrenheit. The greatest heat experienced in summer was 

 100° in the shade; but, even after the hottest days, the nights are cool 

 and pleasant. 



At daylight, on the 3d July, the goods were all embarked. When 

 they reached the Chutes, they again made a portage of their goods 

 for a quarter of a mile, and in an hour and a half they were again on 

 their way. During very high water, the fall, whence the place takes 

 its name, is not visible, but when it is low, there is a fall of ten feet 

 perpendicular, that occupies nearly the whole breadth of the river. 

 It is impossible to pass this fall at low water ; but when the river is 

 swollen, boats shoot it with ease and safety. The Columbia, from the 

 Chutes as far as John Day's river, is filled with rocks, w 7 hich occasion 

 dangerous rapids. The boats were, in consequence, tracked for the 

 whole distance. 



After passing the Dalles, an entirely new description of country is 

 entered, for the line of woods extends no farther. The last tree stands 

 on the south side of the river, and is named Ogden's Tree on our map: 

 it is about six miles above the Dalles. The woods terminate at about 

 the same distance from the coast in all parts of this region south of the 

 parallel of 48° N. 



The country between these places is decidedly volcanic, and the 

 banks on either side of the river are rocky and high. In this part of 



