APPENDIX. 529 



1st. The names of tribes of Indians, and their number. 



2d. Manners, customs, modes of living, disposition, &c. 



3d. The sources and courses of rivers and their branches, with their 

 latitude and longitude, and also of lakes, their extent, and whether 

 head waters of rivers, or having any outlet. 



4th. Climate, degrees of heat and cold ; if not thermometrically 

 observed, get the time when trees blossom and fruits come in. 



5th. How long the posts or forts have been occupied, state of fur 

 trade in the interior, number of forts established, where, and among 

 what tribes. 



6th. Timber, kinds and qualities, soil, and all other information, 

 together with accounts, tales, and histories of adventures, that you 

 may hear well authenticated. 



You will observe the following instructions relative to your times 

 and modes of observing, viz. : 



You will keep an accurate map of your route, noting on it the lati- 

 tude and longitude of all your stopping-places, from which position you 

 will take the bearings and angles on all distant hills and mountains, 

 direction of ranges, courses of rivers, &c. You are provided with a 

 chronometer, sextant, artificial horizon, prismatic compass, barometer, 

 and thermometers. Your means for obtaining observations will be 

 great : I shall therefore expect you to be very particular and untiring 

 in their use, as much of the information derived from them will depend 

 entirely on your own exertions. 



Observations you will obtain daily, if possible, both for latitude and 

 longitude. When the meridian altitude of the sun is not obtained, you 

 will have frequent opportunities by the north star. This observation 

 you will find easy after a little practice, by bringing the two reflected 

 images to cover each other, and having your mean time, any time of 

 night you will be able to obtain your latitude. 



I also wish you to use the stars for getting your time. The obser- 

 vations of two stars east and west, will give you it with great accu- 

 racy. The best mode of observing stars in the artificial horizon is to 

 clamp your index nearly to its altitude, and await its coming, and 

 when they cover, mark the time. Stars nearly east and west of you 

 are to be preferred, altitude about twenty or thirty degrees. 



All your observations must be worked up as soon after they are 

 taken as possible. I enclose you herewith a few azimuth formulas. 



When you take an azimuth, which ought to be daily, take it on 

 some well-defined object, and note carefully the bearing of it by the 

 prismatic compass. It is particularly desired to multiply these obser- 

 vations. 



vol. iv. *u 67 



