CHAPTER VI. 



SOUTHERN OREGON. 



184 1. 



The last chapter closed with the arrival of Lieutenant Emmons and 

 his party at San Francisco. I shall now give some account of the 

 operations of this party, and of the country they passed through. The 

 difficulties which were experienced in the organization of the party, 

 have already been alluded to in another place, and need not be re- 

 peated. There remain to be described some of the articles of his 

 equipment, in the preparation of which much time was consumed, and 

 which were absolutely necessary for the success of the expedition. 

 The principal part of the provision was flour; this is packed in sacks; 

 the sacks are again enclosed in a " parflesh" made of hide, to protect 

 them from being torn to pieces by the boughs of trees and underwood ; 

 this rests upon a pack-saddle, by which the load is firmly secured on 

 the horse ; while, to protect his back from injury, a thick saddle-cloth 

 called " appichemens" lies beneath the pack-saddle. These articles 

 are represented in the annexed cut. 



APPICHEMENS. 



PACK-SADDLE. 



PARFLESH. 



To these are to be added the trail-rope and lash-cord, six or eight 

 fathoms in length. These trails drag on the gi-ound, and are intended 

 for the purpose of catching the horses. Now, all these articles were 

 to be prepared in a countrv where no mechanic is to be found ; and 



vol. v. 28 ™ 



