226 SOUTHERN OREGON. 



river at a place higher up. Mr. Gangriere furthermore thought their 

 numbers so small that he was sure they would be all killed. 



Lieutenant Emmons places the fort in latitude 43° 24' N. From the 

 account given by Mr. Gangriere, the river pursues a northwesterly 

 course, and runs a distance of thirty miles before it enters the sea. 

 It is navigable from the ocean to the place where the Umpqua and 

 Elk rivers unite, about three miles below the fort, for vessels drawing 

 not more than six feet water. The mouth of the Umpqua offers no 

 harbour for sea-going vessels, and has only nine feet water on its bar. 

 Its entrance is very narrow, with low sands on the north and south 

 sides. 



The Umpqua country yields a considerable supply of furs, and 

 principally of beaver, most of which are of small size. The regu- 

 lations of the Company do not seem to be so strictly in force here 

 as to the north of the Columbia, in relation to buying the small skins. 

 These, I have understood, they refuse to purchase there ; and every 

 Indian who is found with a small skin is refused supplies of ammuni- 

 tion, which has been found sufficient to prevent the killing of the young 

 animals. Here they also obtain from the Indians some land and sea 

 otter, deer, and bear skins. 



UMPQUA INDIAN GIRL. 



Mr. Agate made a sketch of one of the girls of the Umpqua tribe, 

 of which the above wood-cut is a copy. 



The agent at this post obligingly exchanged the horses, and supplied 



