232 SOUTHERN OREGON. 



Their journey was resumed at an early hour on the 24th. The 

 route passed through thickets, and in some places they discovered the 

 fresh track of Indians, in searching for whom they discovered three 

 squaws, who had been left when the others fled. It thus appeared that 

 the Indians were watching them closely, and it was certain that in this 

 country, a very small number of them would have been able to cut off 

 the whole party without much injury to themselves, if they had pos- 

 sessed any courage. 



The greater part of the day's journey was over undulating hills ; 

 and after making a distance of twenty-three miles, they encamped on 

 Young's creek. This is a run of water, a few yards wide and a foot 

 or less deep ; it may be traced for a long distance by the trees which 

 border it. They had now reached the country of the Klarnet Indians, 

 better known as the Rogues or Rascals, which name they have ob- 

 tained from the hunters, from the many acts of villany they have 

 practised. The place of encampment was only a short distance from 

 that where Dr. Bailey was defeated. 



On the 25th they continued their journey over a country resembling 

 that traversed the day before, with the exception that the wood was 

 not so thick. The Pinus Lambertiana was more common ; the trees 

 of this species were not beyond the usual size of the pine tribe, but 

 their cones were seen fifteen inches in length. Some of the sugar pro- 

 duced by this tree was obtained : it is of a sweet taste, with a slightly 

 bitter and piny flavour ; it resembles manna, and is obtained by the 

 Indians by burning a cavity in the tree, whence it exudes. It is ga- 

 thered in large quantities. This sugar is a powerful cathartic, and 

 affected all the party who partook of it ; yet it is said that it is used as 

 a substitute for sugar among the trappers and hunters. The soil 

 passed over was loose and light, approaching a sandy loam. 



In the afternoon they entered on the plains of Rogues' or Tootoo- 

 tutnas river, and encamped on its banks. This is a beautiful stream, 

 upwards of one hundred yards in width, with a rapid current, flowing 

 over a gravelly bottom at the rate of three miles an hour: it abounds 

 in fish, on which the Indians principally subsist ; the banks are low 

 and overgrown with bushes for some distance from the stream ; the 

 soil is poor and sandy. Two or three hundred yards from the river, 

 there is a sudden rise of ten feet, and another at the same distance 

 beyond, from the last of which the land rises into hills from six hun- 

 dred to a thousand feet in height. On these hills the soil changes to 

 granitic sand. 



Inass, the Indian hunter, being in search of game at some distance 

 from the camp, killed a deer, and while in the act of skinning it, was 



